ATI Acid Base

Question 1

DKA lab

Answer 1

low potassium 3.0- tell dr

Question 2

Hyperkalemia

Answer 2

may cause prolonged PR interval and widened QRS complex

Question 3

Low sodium

Answer 3

can cause change in mental status, confusion, lethargic

Question 4

Isotonic dehydration

Answer 4

loss of water only, from vomiting and diarrhea. lab that shows response to fluid therapy- sodium 138

Question 5

Sodium 155, what fluids to give

Answer 5

dont give 3% saline- hypertonic, will increase sodium.
These will decrease sodium:
Hypotonic- 5%dextrose and 0.45% saline, 5% dextrose with water
Isotonic- 0.9%saline

Question 6

Potassium 3.0

Answer 6

orthostatic hypotension

Question 7

Respiratory distress b/c acute pulmonary edema

Answer 7

place client in high fowlers to ease breathing

Question 8

Risk of respiratory acidosis following surgery, teaching

Answer 8

incentive spirometer q1hr, move as much as possible, drink at least 1500 mL fluid/d, use PCA before pain gets worse

Question 9

Calcium 8.4

Answer 9

initiate seizure precautions because pt is at risk for seizures b/c lower excitation threshold. Calcium can be given orally or IV

Question 10

Hypomagnesemia

Answer 10

hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, decreased bowel sounds, shallow respirations, increased bp

Question 11

Calcium 8.1

Answer 11

Priority assessment- cardiac rhythm. greatest risk is cardiac dysrhythmias.

also may have- hyperactive dtr, increased bowel sounds, diminished peripheral pulses

Question 12

potassium 6.2

Answer 12

administer D50W and regular insulin IV. IV solution with high dextrose concentration and regular insulin will cause the K to move from the blood into the cells and decrease the serum potassium level.

Question 13

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 13

PaCO2 is decreased

Question 14

Pt experienced fluid loss

Answer 14

administer prescribed IV fluids, encourage the pt to drink fluids, encourage pt to rise slowly when standing, weigh pt each morning

Question 15

Respiratory alkalosis, resp 28/min

Answer 15

provide calming interventions for hyperventilation. need to calm down to allow for carbon dioxide to build up

Question 16

Hematocrit 34%

Answer 16

decreased hct b/c fluid overload- 2+ pitting edema

Question 17

Venous insufficiency

Answer 17

when watch tv, put feet up- venous insufficiency makes it difficult for blood to return to the heart, elevating the feet will increase the return.
Put on elastic stockings when you wake up, before getting out of bed.
Seam should be on the outside of the stocking, not next to the skin to prevent skin breakdown.

Question 18

Hypermagnesemia

Answer 18

dont eat spinach

Question 19

Hyperkalemia

Answer 19

decreased muscle strength, weakness, increased gastric motility, bradycardia, hypotension