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Mental Health, Unit 1 > ATI Ch 7, Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy, and Behavioral Therapies > Flashcards

ATI Ch 7, Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy, and Behavioral Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

What is classical psychoanalysis?

A

A therapeutic process of assessing unconscious thoughts and feelings, and resolving conflict by talking to a psychoanalyst.

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2
Q

How long do clients typically attend sessions in classical psychoanalysis?

A

Over the course of months to years.

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3
Q

Why is classical psychoanalysis unlikely to be the sole therapy of choice?

A

Due to the length of psychoanalytic therapy and health insurance constraints.

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4
Q

Who first developed psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Freud.

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5
Q

What is the main purpose of psychoanalysis as developed by Freud?

A

To resolve internal conflicts which arise from early childhood experiences.

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6
Q

Is psychoanalysis commonly used today?

A

Seldom used today.

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7
Q

What is a common focus for therapy in psychoanalysis?

A

Past relationships to uncover unconscious conflicts.

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8
Q

Define transference in the context of psychoanalysis.

A

Feelings that the client has developed toward the therapist in relation to similar feelings toward significant persons in the client’s early childhood.

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9
Q

What is countertransference?

A

The unconscious feelings that the healthcare worker has toward the client.

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10
Q

How can a client evoke countertransference in a healthcare worker?

A

The client can remind them of a person from their past in a positive or negative manner.

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11
Q

What is classical psychoanalysis?

A

A therapeutic process of assessing unconscious thoughts and feelings, resolving conflict by talking to a psychoanalyst.

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12
Q

How long do clients typically attend psychoanalysis sessions?

A

Over the course of months to years.

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13
Q

Why is classical psychoanalysis unlikely to be the sole therapy of choice?

A

Due to the length of therapy and health insurance constraints.

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14
Q

Who first developed psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Freud.

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15
Q

What does Freud contend causes internal conflicts?

A

Early childhood experiences.

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16
Q

Is Freud’s version of psychoanalysis commonly used today?

A

Seldom used today.

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17
Q

What is a common focus for therapy in psychoanalysis?

A

Past relationships to uncover unconscious conflicts.

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18
Q

What is free association?

A

The spontaneous, uncensored verbalization of whatever comes to a client’s mind

Free association is a technique used in psychoanalysis to explore the unconscious mind.

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19
Q

What does dream analysis and interpretation involve according to Freud?

A

Urges and impulses of the unconscious mind that played out through the dreams of clients

Freud believed that dreams are a window into the unconscious.

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20
Q

What are defense mechanisms?

A

Psychological strategies used to cope with reality and maintain self-image

Defense mechanisms include denial, repression, projection, etc.

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21
Q

How does psychotherapy differ from classic psychoanalysis?

A

It involves more verbal therapist-to-client interaction and focuses on building a trusting relationship

This approach allows for a collaborative exploration of the client’s problems.

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22
Q

What is psychodynamic psychotherapy?

A

A type of therapy that employs the same tools as psychoanalysis but focuses more on the client’s present state

It tends to last longer than other treatment approaches.

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23
Q

What is the primary focus of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)?

A

Assisting clients in addressing specific problems related to interpersonal relationships

IPT aims to improve interpersonal and social functioning.

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24
Q

What types of issues can interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) help improve?

A
  • Interpersonal relationships
  • Communication
  • Role-relationship
  • Bereavement

IPT is based on the premise that mental health disorders are influenced by social contexts.

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25
Q

True or False: Psychodynamic psychotherapy focuses primarily on early life experiences.

A

False

Psychodynamic psychotherapy focuses more on the client’s present state.

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26
Q

Fill in the blank: The goal of interpersonal psychotherapy is to improve _______ and social functioning.

A

interpersonal

This improvement aims to reduce psychiatric manifestations.

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27
Q

What is cognitive therapy based on?

A

The cognitive model focusing on individual thoughts and behaviors

Cognitive therapy aims to solve current problems by changing a client’s attitude toward life experiences.

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28
Q

What is the belief regarding thoughts in cognitive therapy?

A

Thoughts come before feelings and actions

This belief emphasizes the importance of addressing thoughts to influence emotions and behaviors.

29
Q

What issues can cognitive therapy treat?

A

Depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and other issues

Cognitive therapy can improve conditions by changing attitudes.

30
Q

Who are the key figures associated with behavioral therapy?

A

Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner

These theorists protested Freud’s psychoanalytic theory by emphasizing behavior change.

31
Q

What is the primary focus of behavioral therapy?

A

Changing behavior as the key to treating issues

It emphasizes learned behaviors and their consequences.

32
Q

What is believed to result in abnormal behavior according to behavioral therapy?

A

An attempt to avoid painful feelings

Behavioral therapy posits that abnormal behavior is a learned response to avoid discomfort.

33
Q

Can changing maladaptive behavior occur without insight into its cause?

A

Yes

Behavioral therapy allows for behavior change without needing to understand the underlying issues.

34
Q

What techniques does behavioral therapy teach clients?

A

Ways to decrease anxiety or avoidant behavior

Techniques include relaxation training and modeling.

35
Q

What types of issues has behavioral therapy been used to treat successfully?

A

Phobias, substance use or addictive disorders, and other issues

Behavioral therapy is effective for a range of psychological conditions.

36
Q

What does EMDR stand for?

A

Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing

EMDR is a focused therapeutic approach for trauma and anxiety.

37
Q

What does EMDR encourage clients to do?

A

Reconnect traumatizing memories and emotions

It allows clients to reprocess their emotions in a safe environment.

38
Q

What mechanisms does EMDR utilize for processing emotions?

A

Adaptive defense mechanisms

These mechanisms help clients manage and process their feelings.

39
Q

What types of disorders is EMDR effective in treating?

A

Anxiety and trauma-related disorders

EMDR has been recognized for its effectiveness in these areas.

40
Q

What does cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) assist clients with?

A

Anxiety management

CBT uses cognitive and behavioral approaches to influence feelings and behaviors.

41
Q

What is the focus of dialectical behavior therapy?

A

Gradual behavior changes and acceptance

This therapy is used for clients with personality disorders and self-injurious behavior.

42
Q

What is cognitive reframing?

A

Changing cognitive distortions to decrease anxiety

It helps clients identify negative thoughts, examine their causes, and replace them with supportive ideas.

43
Q

How can cognitive reframing assist a client with a depressive disorder?

A

By helping them realize they are not ‘a bad person’ despite making bad choices

It encourages clients to replace negative self-talk with more positive thoughts.

44
Q

What is priority restructuring in cognitive therapy?

A

Identifying what requires priority and devoting energy to pleasurable activities

This technique helps clients focus on positive aspects of their lives.

45
Q

What purpose does journal keeping serve in therapy?

A

Helps clients write down stressful thoughts and improves well-being

It can provide clarity and reduce anxiety through expression.

46
Q

What does assertiveness training teach clients?

A

To express feelings and solve problems in a nonaggressive manner

This skill enhances communication and self-advocacy.

47
Q

What is the benefit of monitoring thoughts for clients?

A

Helps clients be aware of negative thinking

Awareness is the first step in cognitive restructuring.

48
Q

What is modeling in behavioral therapy?

A

A therapist or others serve as role models for a client, who imitates this modeling to improve behavior.

Modeling can help clients improve interpersonal skills, especially in stressful situations.

49
Q

How is modeling used in mental health nursing?

A

Modeling occurs in the acute care milieu to help clients improve interpersonal skills by demonstrating appropriate behavior.

The therapist aims for the client to imitate this behavior.

50
Q

Define operant conditioning in the context of behavioral therapy.

A

The client receives positive rewards for positive behavior (positive reinforcement).

This approach reinforces desired behaviors through rewards.

51
Q

Give an example of operant conditioning in mental health nursing.

A

A client receives tokens for good behavior, which can be exchanged for privileges or other items.

This incentivizes positive behavior and compliance.

52
Q

What is systematic desensitization?

A

Planned, progressive, or graduated exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli in real-life situations or by imagining events that cause anxiety.

It often involves using relaxation techniques to suppress the anxiety response.

53
Q

How does systematic desensitization help clients?

A

During exposure, the client uses relaxation techniques to suppress anxiety response.

This approach aims to reduce fear and anxiety gradually.

54
Q

What is systematic desensitization?

A

A therapeutic technique that involves mastering relaxation techniques and gradually exposing the client to anxiety-producing stimuli

It helps clients overcome anxiety by using relaxation to manage their response.

55
Q

What is the first step in systematic desensitization?

A

Mastering relaxation techniques

This foundational step is crucial for the client’s ability to manage anxiety during exposure.

56
Q

How does systematic desensitization help clients with phobias?

A

It allows clients to tolerate increasing levels of the anxiety-producing stimulus until anxiety no longer interferes with functioning

This process is gradual and tailored to the individual’s needs.

57
Q

What is aversion therapy?

A

Pairing a maladaptive behavior with a punishment or unpleasant stimuli to promote a change in behavior

It aims to reduce undesirable behaviors by associating them with negative consequences.

58
Q

What types of stimuli might be used in aversion therapy?

A

Unpleasant stimuli such as bitter taste or electric shock

These stimuli are used as punishments for maladaptive behaviors.

59
Q

What behaviors might aversion therapy target?

A

Behaviors such as alcohol use disorder, violence, self-mutilation, and thumb-sucking

Aversion therapy is considered for various maladaptive behaviors.

60
Q

True or False: Ongoing supervision is essential in aversion therapy.

A

True

Continuous evaluation is crucial for the safety and effectiveness of aversion therapy.

61
Q

What therapy uses techniques to control pain, tension, and anxiety?

A

Various techniques including meditation, guided imagery, diaphragmatic breathing, muscle relaxation, and biofeedback

These techniques are often used in mental health nursing.

62
Q

How can diaphragmatic breathing be used in mental health nursing?

A

It can be taught to a client experiencing a panic attack or to a female client in labor

This technique helps manage anxiety and stress during critical situations.

63
Q

What is flooding in therapeutic practice?

A

Exposing a client to a great deal of an undesirable stimulus to turn off the anxiety response

This method is used in exposure therapy to reduce fear.

64
Q

What is response prevention?

A

Preventing a client from performing a compulsive behavior to diminish anxiety

This technique is often used in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder.

65
Q

What is thought stopping?

A

Teaching a client to say or shout ‘stop’ when negative thoughts arise and substitute a positive thought

The goal is for the client to eventually use the command silently.

66
Q

What does trauma-focused CBT involve?

A

It often begins with psychoeducation about trauma responses and coping mechanisms, followed by gradual exposure to trauma memory

This method aims to help clients process trauma in a more adaptive way.

67
Q

What is validation therapy?

A

A process of communication that respects and validates the feelings of disoriented older adults

It is particularly useful for clients with neurocognitive disorders.

68
Q

What is virtual reality exposure therapy?

A

Clients are placed into a virtual controlled environment to alleviate depression, anxiety, phobias, PTSD, and attachment issues

This innovative therapy can be conducted in-person or remotely.

Mental Health, Unit 1 (9 decks)

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