ATI Ch 7, Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy, and Behavioral Therapies Flashcards
What is classical psychoanalysis?
A therapeutic process of assessing unconscious thoughts and feelings, and resolving conflict by talking to a psychoanalyst.
How long do clients typically attend sessions in classical psychoanalysis?
Over the course of months to years.
Why is classical psychoanalysis unlikely to be the sole therapy of choice?
Due to the length of psychoanalytic therapy and health insurance constraints.
Who first developed psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud.
What is the main purpose of psychoanalysis as developed by Freud?
To resolve internal conflicts which arise from early childhood experiences.
Is psychoanalysis commonly used today?
Seldom used today.
What is a common focus for therapy in psychoanalysis?
Past relationships to uncover unconscious conflicts.
Define transference in the context of psychoanalysis.
Feelings that the client has developed toward the therapist in relation to similar feelings toward significant persons in the client’s early childhood.
What is countertransference?
The unconscious feelings that the healthcare worker has toward the client.
How can a client evoke countertransference in a healthcare worker?
The client can remind them of a person from their past in a positive or negative manner.
What is classical psychoanalysis?
A therapeutic process of assessing unconscious thoughts and feelings, resolving conflict by talking to a psychoanalyst.
How long do clients typically attend psychoanalysis sessions?
Over the course of months to years.
Why is classical psychoanalysis unlikely to be the sole therapy of choice?
Due to the length of therapy and health insurance constraints.
Who first developed psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud.
What does Freud contend causes internal conflicts?
Early childhood experiences.
Is Freud’s version of psychoanalysis commonly used today?
Seldom used today.
What is a common focus for therapy in psychoanalysis?
Past relationships to uncover unconscious conflicts.
What is free association?
The spontaneous, uncensored verbalization of whatever comes to a client’s mind
Free association is a technique used in psychoanalysis to explore the unconscious mind.
What does dream analysis and interpretation involve according to Freud?
Urges and impulses of the unconscious mind that played out through the dreams of clients
Freud believed that dreams are a window into the unconscious.
What are defense mechanisms?
Psychological strategies used to cope with reality and maintain self-image
Defense mechanisms include denial, repression, projection, etc.
How does psychotherapy differ from classic psychoanalysis?
It involves more verbal therapist-to-client interaction and focuses on building a trusting relationship
This approach allows for a collaborative exploration of the client’s problems.
What is psychodynamic psychotherapy?
A type of therapy that employs the same tools as psychoanalysis but focuses more on the client’s present state
It tends to last longer than other treatment approaches.
What is the primary focus of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)?
Assisting clients in addressing specific problems related to interpersonal relationships
IPT aims to improve interpersonal and social functioning.
What types of issues can interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) help improve?
- Interpersonal relationships
- Communication
- Role-relationship
- Bereavement
IPT is based on the premise that mental health disorders are influenced by social contexts.
True or False: Psychodynamic psychotherapy focuses primarily on early life experiences.
False
Psychodynamic psychotherapy focuses more on the client’s present state.
Fill in the blank: The goal of interpersonal psychotherapy is to improve _______ and social functioning.
interpersonal
This improvement aims to reduce psychiatric manifestations.
What is cognitive therapy based on?
The cognitive model focusing on individual thoughts and behaviors
Cognitive therapy aims to solve current problems by changing a client’s attitude toward life experiences.
What is the belief regarding thoughts in cognitive therapy?
Thoughts come before feelings and actions
This belief emphasizes the importance of addressing thoughts to influence emotions and behaviors.
What issues can cognitive therapy treat?
Depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and other issues
Cognitive therapy can improve conditions by changing attitudes.
Who are the key figures associated with behavioral therapy?
Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner
These theorists protested Freud’s psychoanalytic theory by emphasizing behavior change.
What is the primary focus of behavioral therapy?
Changing behavior as the key to treating issues
It emphasizes learned behaviors and their consequences.
What is believed to result in abnormal behavior according to behavioral therapy?
An attempt to avoid painful feelings
Behavioral therapy posits that abnormal behavior is a learned response to avoid discomfort.
Can changing maladaptive behavior occur without insight into its cause?
Yes
Behavioral therapy allows for behavior change without needing to understand the underlying issues.
What techniques does behavioral therapy teach clients?
Ways to decrease anxiety or avoidant behavior
Techniques include relaxation training and modeling.
What types of issues has behavioral therapy been used to treat successfully?
Phobias, substance use or addictive disorders, and other issues
Behavioral therapy is effective for a range of psychological conditions.
What does EMDR stand for?
Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing
EMDR is a focused therapeutic approach for trauma and anxiety.
What does EMDR encourage clients to do?
Reconnect traumatizing memories and emotions
It allows clients to reprocess their emotions in a safe environment.
What mechanisms does EMDR utilize for processing emotions?
Adaptive defense mechanisms
These mechanisms help clients manage and process their feelings.
What types of disorders is EMDR effective in treating?
Anxiety and trauma-related disorders
EMDR has been recognized for its effectiveness in these areas.
What does cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) assist clients with?
Anxiety management
CBT uses cognitive and behavioral approaches to influence feelings and behaviors.
What is the focus of dialectical behavior therapy?
Gradual behavior changes and acceptance
This therapy is used for clients with personality disorders and self-injurious behavior.
What is cognitive reframing?
Changing cognitive distortions to decrease anxiety
It helps clients identify negative thoughts, examine their causes, and replace them with supportive ideas.
How can cognitive reframing assist a client with a depressive disorder?
By helping them realize they are not ‘a bad person’ despite making bad choices
It encourages clients to replace negative self-talk with more positive thoughts.
What is priority restructuring in cognitive therapy?
Identifying what requires priority and devoting energy to pleasurable activities
This technique helps clients focus on positive aspects of their lives.
What purpose does journal keeping serve in therapy?
Helps clients write down stressful thoughts and improves well-being
It can provide clarity and reduce anxiety through expression.
What does assertiveness training teach clients?
To express feelings and solve problems in a nonaggressive manner
This skill enhances communication and self-advocacy.
What is the benefit of monitoring thoughts for clients?
Helps clients be aware of negative thinking
Awareness is the first step in cognitive restructuring.
What is modeling in behavioral therapy?
A therapist or others serve as role models for a client, who imitates this modeling to improve behavior.
Modeling can help clients improve interpersonal skills, especially in stressful situations.
How is modeling used in mental health nursing?
Modeling occurs in the acute care milieu to help clients improve interpersonal skills by demonstrating appropriate behavior.
The therapist aims for the client to imitate this behavior.
Define operant conditioning in the context of behavioral therapy.
The client receives positive rewards for positive behavior (positive reinforcement).
This approach reinforces desired behaviors through rewards.
Give an example of operant conditioning in mental health nursing.
A client receives tokens for good behavior, which can be exchanged for privileges or other items.
This incentivizes positive behavior and compliance.
What is systematic desensitization?
Planned, progressive, or graduated exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli in real-life situations or by imagining events that cause anxiety.
It often involves using relaxation techniques to suppress the anxiety response.
How does systematic desensitization help clients?
During exposure, the client uses relaxation techniques to suppress anxiety response.
This approach aims to reduce fear and anxiety gradually.
What is systematic desensitization?
A therapeutic technique that involves mastering relaxation techniques and gradually exposing the client to anxiety-producing stimuli
It helps clients overcome anxiety by using relaxation to manage their response.
What is the first step in systematic desensitization?
Mastering relaxation techniques
This foundational step is crucial for the client’s ability to manage anxiety during exposure.
How does systematic desensitization help clients with phobias?
It allows clients to tolerate increasing levels of the anxiety-producing stimulus until anxiety no longer interferes with functioning
This process is gradual and tailored to the individual’s needs.
What is aversion therapy?
Pairing a maladaptive behavior with a punishment or unpleasant stimuli to promote a change in behavior
It aims to reduce undesirable behaviors by associating them with negative consequences.
What types of stimuli might be used in aversion therapy?
Unpleasant stimuli such as bitter taste or electric shock
These stimuli are used as punishments for maladaptive behaviors.
What behaviors might aversion therapy target?
Behaviors such as alcohol use disorder, violence, self-mutilation, and thumb-sucking
Aversion therapy is considered for various maladaptive behaviors.
True or False: Ongoing supervision is essential in aversion therapy.
True
Continuous evaluation is crucial for the safety and effectiveness of aversion therapy.
What therapy uses techniques to control pain, tension, and anxiety?
Various techniques including meditation, guided imagery, diaphragmatic breathing, muscle relaxation, and biofeedback
These techniques are often used in mental health nursing.
How can diaphragmatic breathing be used in mental health nursing?
It can be taught to a client experiencing a panic attack or to a female client in labor
This technique helps manage anxiety and stress during critical situations.
What is flooding in therapeutic practice?
Exposing a client to a great deal of an undesirable stimulus to turn off the anxiety response
This method is used in exposure therapy to reduce fear.
What is response prevention?
Preventing a client from performing a compulsive behavior to diminish anxiety
This technique is often used in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder.
What is thought stopping?
Teaching a client to say or shout ‘stop’ when negative thoughts arise and substitute a positive thought
The goal is for the client to eventually use the command silently.
What does trauma-focused CBT involve?
It often begins with psychoeducation about trauma responses and coping mechanisms, followed by gradual exposure to trauma memory
This method aims to help clients process trauma in a more adaptive way.
What is validation therapy?
A process of communication that respects and validates the feelings of disoriented older adults
It is particularly useful for clients with neurocognitive disorders.
What is virtual reality exposure therapy?
Clients are placed into a virtual controlled environment to alleviate depression, anxiety, phobias, PTSD, and attachment issues
This innovative therapy can be conducted in-person or remotely.
