ATI Ch 17, Neurocognitive Disorders Flashcards
What is the onset of delirium?
Rapid over a short period of time (hours or days)
List the common manifestations of delirium.
- Impairments in memory
- Impairments in judgment
- Impairments in ability to focus
- Impairments in ability to calculate
- Disorientation and confusion
What are the four types of delirium?
- Hyperactive
- Hypoactive
- Mixed
- Unclassified
What characterizes hyperactive delirium?
Agitation and restlessness
What characterizes hypoactive delirium?
Apathy and quietness
What is a common feature of delirium that can affect perception?
Hallucinations and illusions
What is the typical level of consciousness in delirium?
Usually altered and can rapidly fluctuate
What can cause vital signs to become unstable in delirium?
Fluctuating moods, anxiety, and motor agitation
Why should delirium be considered a medical emergency?
It can cause vital signs to become unstable requiring intervention
What are some common causes of delirium?
- Hospitalization of older adult clients
- Medical conditions (e.g., infection)
- Malnutrition
- Depression
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Substance use
- Surgery
What is the onset of neurocognitive disorder?
Gradual deterioration of function over months or years
List the common impairments associated with neurocognitive disorder.
- Memory
- Judgment
- Speech (aphasia)
- Ability to recognize familiar objects (agnosia)
- Executive functioning
- Movement (apraxia)
What is the level of consciousness in neurocognitive disorder?
Usually unchanged
What is a common occurrence in neurocognitive disorder related to time of day?
Sundowning
What is the primary risk factor for neurocognitive disorder?
Advanced age
What makes cognitive deficits in neurocognitive disorder different from delirium?
Cognitive deficits do not change throughout the day
What are some subtypes of neurocognitive disorder?
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Traumatic brain injury
- Parkinson’s disease
- Other disorders affecting the brain
What is the outcome of neurocognitive disorder?
Irreversible and progressive
Fill in the blank: Delirium often occurs in older adults due to _______ conditions.
medical
True or False: The personality change in delirium is gradual.
False
What can cause cognitive deficits in neurocognitive disorder?
Genetics, sedentary lifestyle, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus
