Athletic Injury and Psychology Flashcards
What is the history of stressors?
Highly stressed athletes are 2-5x more likely to incur injury
Life stress is related to injuries of at risk athletes
Low self esteem, pessimistic and low hardiness or have high levels of trait anxiety experience more injury
How is personality related to injury?
CTA is associated with higher injury rates
Low self esteem, hardiness, pessimistic or high trait anxiety = more injury
How are attitudes/ beliefs related to injury in sport?
Over emphasis on acting tough
Failure to distinguish between normal discomfort and injury pain
Being injured = worth less attitude
How are coping skills related to injury?
Greatest stress sources for injured are psychological ones
(fear of re-injury
-coping skills, anxiety control, mental skill usage
Stress management reduces risk of injury
-general coping - sleeping, nutrition
-interpersonal coping - social support
What are stress responses?
Stressors –> threatening cognitive appraisal
-attentional disruption (reducing peripheral attention, task irrelevant thoughts)
-increased muscle tension (coordination interference)
Internal and external resources are insufficient to meet challenges, street response and vulnerability to injury increases
What are psychological components of stress response?
Physiologcal stress catecholamines, impair the movement of helping immune cells to the site of the injury and interfer with removal of damage tissue
Prolonged stress may decrease the actions of insulin (critical during the rebuilding process)
Stress also causes sleep disturbances
What are physiological reactions to exercise and athletic injury?
Most people experience a typical response to injury, speed and ease of progress varies
The period immediately after injury has the greatest negative emotional reactions
What is the cognitive appraisal of injury model?
Cognitive appraisal
-goal setting, social support, task orientation have most benefit on positive cognitive appraisal
Behavioural Response and Situational Factors
-personal control ove health and higher tolerancefor pain increases adhereance
-knowledge of purpose oh rehab
-social support facilitates rehabilitation
What are other injury reactions?
Identity loss
Fear and anxiety
Lack of confidence
Performance decrements
What are signs of poor adjustment to ahtletic inhury?
Feelings of anger adn confusion Obsession about return Denial Coming back too soon Bragging about accomplishments Guilt about letting the team down Withdrawal from significant others Rapid mood swings beleiving that no matter what they will not return
What are the roles of sport psychology in injury rehab?
Holistic approach (body and mind)
Important role in rehab
Injury treatment should include psychological techniques to enhance healing
There is not always an automatic transfer of psychological skills
Using relaxation and imagery during rehab reduces anxiety
Positively affect adherence to injury treatment
What are the three phases of rehab and recovery?
1) injury and illness phase
2) rehabilitation and recovery phase
3) return to full activity phase
What should psychologists do to help the rehab process?
Identify athletes that are at high risk of injury
Build rapport with the athlete
Educate the injured person about the injury
What are other roles of sport psychology in injury rehab?
Teach specific coping skills (goal setting and self talk)
Teach how to cope with setbacks
Foster social support
What are guidelines for social support?
Inclides coaches, therapists, significant others
Tun to coaches and medical professionals for informational support
Turn to family/friends for emotional supper
Amount and type of support varies across the rehab stage
