Atherosclerosis

Question 1

Response to injury hypothesis

Answer 1

Russel Ross 1976 then modified 1999

Question 2

Framingham Heart study

Answer 2

Massachusetts 1948
5,209 m and w between 30 and 62 recruited
monitored over period of several years
risk factors identified

Question 3

Model organism

Answer 3

ApoE-/- mouse

• apolipoprotein E deficient mouse
• mice w this gene knockout develop atherosclerosis v quickly

Question 4

Endothelial cell role

Answer 4

ICAM-1, VCAM and E-selectin important inflamamtory response molecule

Question 5

Nakashima 1998

Answer 5

upregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 on endothelial cells associated with lesion formation

Question 6

Park et al 2008

Answer 6

CD36 interaction with oxidised lipoprotein on macrophages important in inhibition of macrophage migration

Question 7

M-CSF role

Answer 7

augments SA-A expression - human atherosclerotic plaques overexpress this molecule

Question 8

Statins mechanism

Answer 8

inihibit HMG-CoA reductase
increases hepatic LDLR expression
leads to decreased plasma LDL expression
blocks cholesterol synthesis in the liver