Aterial Blood Gas

Question 1

Acid/Base buffering systems

Answer 1

Bicarb/Carbonic Acid
-Seconds
Lungs blow off/hold CO2
-Minutes
Kidneys resorb/excrete Bicarb
-Hours to days

Question 2

Acidotic Arterial pH

Answer 2

<7.35

Question 3

Alkalotic Arterial pH

Answer 3

> 7.45

Question 4

Perfect pH

Answer 4

7.40

Question 5

Bicarbonate (HCO3)

Answer 5

(Acidotic) < 22 - 26> (Alkalotic)

Question 6

Base Excess/deficit

Answer 6

-3 to 3 mEq/L

Question 7

PaO2

Answer 7

80-100mmHg

40 = 70%
50 = 80%
60 = 90%

Question 8

SaO2

Answer 8

92-98%

Question 9

Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Right Curve

Answer 9

Reduced affinity
Hyperthermia
Acidosis (Sepsis)
Maternal blood (Mom)

Think CrossFit workouts

Question 10

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation left curve

Answer 10

Loves oxygen
Increased Affinity
Hypothermia
Alkalosis
Fetal blood (baby)

Question 11

Mixed Disturbance

Answer 11

Both Co2 & HCO3 are offending agents

Question 12

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 12

pH: >7.45
HCO3: >26

Question 13

Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 13

Vomiting
Gastric suctioning
K+ loss due to diuretics, steroid use, or diarrhea
Anti acid overdose

Question 14

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 14

pH <7.35
HCO3 <22

Question 15

Causes of Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 15

Lactic Acidosis
-Sepsis
-Anaerobic metabolism
-Ineffective CO2 clearance caused by malperfusion (cardiac arrest)
Cellular starvation
-DKA, AKA, malnutrition, prolonged seizures, rhabdo

Question 16

Causes of respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 16

Alveolar hyperventilation
Pain
Pregnancy
High altitude
P.E.
Aspirin OD

Question 17

Iatrogenic Alkalosis

Answer 17

Over-ventilation caused by medical professionals

Question 18

Causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 18

Failure of lungs to eliminate CO2
Hypoventilation
Chest wall injury
CNS depression
Airway obstruction
Cardiac arrests

Question 19

Critical ABG Thresholds

Answer 19

Severe shock
-pH <7.2
Hypercarbic respiratory failure
-Co2 >55
Hypoxia respiratory failure
-PaO2 <60 (90%)

Question 20

For every __ of ETCo2, pH will change ___ in the ___ direction

Answer 20

10mmg
0.08
Opposite

Question 21

For every ___ in pH, HCO3 will change ___ in the _____ direction

Answer 21

.15
10mmol/L
Same

Question 22

For every ____ in pH, K+ will change ___ in the ____ direction

Answer 22

0.10
0.6 mEqs
Opposite

Question 23

For every ____ in Co2, K+ will change ____ in the _____ direction

Answer 23

10mmHg
0.5mEqs
Same

Question 24

Anion gap formula

Answer 24

Na+ - (Cl + HCO3)

Question 25

CO2 and pH

Answer 25

Co2 up 10 = pH down .08

Question 26

Bicarb and pH

Answer 26

HCO3 up 10 = ph up 15

Question 27

Bicarb replacement

Answer 27

Kg/4 x base deficit = mEq of Bicarb needed

Question 28

Pa02 at altitude

Answer 28

PaO2 drops 5 for every 1000 feet elevation