Atelectasis Flashcards

1
Q

incomplete expansion of the lungs in infants

A

neonatal atelectasis

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2
Q

the collapse of a previously inflated lung in children or adults

A

acquired atelectasis

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of atelectasis?

A
  • Reabsorption atelectasis
  • Alveolar collapse atelectasis
  • Compressive atelectasis
  • Contraction atelectasis
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4
Q

What is reabsorption atelectasis also known as?

A

obstructive atelectasis

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5
Q

Complete _______ results in reabsorption of _____ (gas) in lobe/whole lung while maintaining ______ intrapleural _______.

A

Complete obstruction results in reabsorption of oxygen (gas) in lobe/whole lung while maintaining negative intrapleural pressure

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6
Q

What happens to lung volume in reabsorption atelectasis if there is a large enough lung volume affected?

A

lung volume decreases

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7
Q

What happens to the trachea in reabsorption atelectasis if there is a large enough lung volume affected?

A

trachea deviates towards the affected lung

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8
Q

Is reabsorption atelectasis reversible or not?

A

Yes, it is reversible

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9
Q

How do you reverse reabsorption atelectasis?

A

Reversible by removing obstruction and reinflating

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10
Q

What color is the reabsorption atelectic lung on xray and why?

A

reabsorption atelectic lung tissue is white because of increased tissue density caused by loss of air

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11
Q

What does surfactant do?

A

Surfactant lowers surface tension within alveoli, keeping them inflated

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12
Q

What does insufficient surfactant result in?

A

results in collapse

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13
Q

What does inadequate ventilation of a lung or part of a lung result in?

A

results in absorption of alveolar air and collapse of the alveoli

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14
Q

In alveolar collapse atelectasis, can there be tracheal deviation? If so, which direction will it deviate?

A

Depending on amount of lung tissue affected either will not cause tracheal deviation the (small atelectasis) or deviate towards the affected lung (large atelectasis)

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15
Q

Is alveolar collapse atelectasis reversible?

A

Yes, it is reversible

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16
Q

How is alveolar collapse atelectasis reversible?

A

Reversible by adding surfactant

17
Q

What does adding surfactant do?

A

adding surfactant increases ventilation

18
Q

pleural cavity becomes filled with tumor, air, or fluid, compressing lung tissue

A

compressive atelectasis

19
Q

Does the trachea deviate with compressive atelectasis?

A

Yes, the trachea deviates AWAY from the affected lung

20
Q

Why does the trachea deviate AWAY from the affected lung in compressive atelectasis?

A

Since the pleural space becomes filled, it pushes the mediastinum away

21
Q

Is compressive atelectasis reversible?

A

Yes, it is reversible

22
Q

How is compressive atelectasis reversible?

A

Reversible with removal of compressing mass

23
Q

Dependent intrapleural fluid accumulation resulting in lung compression

A

compressive atelectasis

24
Q

Fibrotic changes of the lung or pleura prevent full expansion of the lung (or actually contract the lung to a smaller volume)

A

contraction atelectasis

25
Is contraction atelectasis a fast or slow process?
slow process
26
What happens to the intrapleural space created during contraction?
intrapleural space created during contraction will fill with fluid
27
Is there tracheal deviation with contraction atelectasis?
NO, there is no tracheal deviation
28
Is contraction atelectasis reversible?
NO, contraction atelectasis is irreversible
29
What are some risk factors for alveolar collapse atelectasis?
- anesthesia - prolonged bed rest - shallow breathing - premature birth
30
What are some risk factors for obstruction atelectasis?
- foreign object - mucus - tumor
31
What are some risk factors for contraction atelectasis?
-inflammatory lung diseases --> fibrosis
32
What are some risk factors for compressive atelectasis?
- pneumothorax - hemothorax - pleural effusion
33
What are some symptoms of atelectasis?
- SOB - chest pain - cough - low-grade fever
34
What is a complication of atelectasis?
pneumonia
35
What are the components for evaluation for atelectasis?
- history and PE - CXR, CT - Oximetry, arterial blood gas, acid-base balance