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Pathophys II - Block 1 > Atelectasis > Flashcards

Atelectasis Flashcards

1
Q

incomplete expansion of the lungs in infants

A

neonatal atelectasis

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2
Q

the collapse of a previously inflated lung in children or adults

A

acquired atelectasis

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of atelectasis?

A
  • Reabsorption atelectasis
  • Alveolar collapse atelectasis
  • Compressive atelectasis
  • Contraction atelectasis
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4
Q

What is reabsorption atelectasis also known as?

A

obstructive atelectasis

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5
Q

Complete _______ results in reabsorption of _____ (gas) in lobe/whole lung while maintaining ______ intrapleural _______.

A

Complete obstruction results in reabsorption of oxygen (gas) in lobe/whole lung while maintaining negative intrapleural pressure

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6
Q

What happens to lung volume in reabsorption atelectasis if there is a large enough lung volume affected?

A

lung volume decreases

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7
Q

What happens to the trachea in reabsorption atelectasis if there is a large enough lung volume affected?

A

trachea deviates towards the affected lung

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8
Q

Is reabsorption atelectasis reversible or not?

A

Yes, it is reversible

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9
Q

How do you reverse reabsorption atelectasis?

A

Reversible by removing obstruction and reinflating

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10
Q

What color is the reabsorption atelectic lung on xray and why?

A

reabsorption atelectic lung tissue is white because of increased tissue density caused by loss of air

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11
Q

What does surfactant do?

A

Surfactant lowers surface tension within alveoli, keeping them inflated

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12
Q

What does insufficient surfactant result in?

A

results in collapse

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13
Q

What does inadequate ventilation of a lung or part of a lung result in?

A

results in absorption of alveolar air and collapse of the alveoli

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14
Q

In alveolar collapse atelectasis, can there be tracheal deviation? If so, which direction will it deviate?

A

Depending on amount of lung tissue affected either will not cause tracheal deviation the (small atelectasis) or deviate towards the affected lung (large atelectasis)

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15
Q

Is alveolar collapse atelectasis reversible?

A

Yes, it is reversible

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16
Q

How is alveolar collapse atelectasis reversible?

A

Reversible by adding surfactant

17
Q

What does adding surfactant do?

A

adding surfactant increases ventilation

18
Q

pleural cavity becomes filled with tumor, air, or fluid, compressing lung tissue

A

compressive atelectasis

19
Q

Does the trachea deviate with compressive atelectasis?

A

Yes, the trachea deviates AWAY from the affected lung

20
Q

Why does the trachea deviate AWAY from the affected lung in compressive atelectasis?

A

Since the pleural space becomes filled, it pushes the mediastinum away

21
Q

Is compressive atelectasis reversible?

A

Yes, it is reversible

22
Q

How is compressive atelectasis reversible?

A

Reversible with removal of compressing mass

23
Q

Dependent intrapleural fluid accumulation resulting in lung compression

A

compressive atelectasis

24
Q

Fibrotic changes of the lung or pleura prevent full expansion of the lung (or actually contract the lung to a smaller volume)

A

contraction atelectasis

25
Q

Is contraction atelectasis a fast or slow process?

A

slow process

26
Q

What happens to the intrapleural space created during contraction?

A

intrapleural space created during contraction will fill with fluid

27
Q

Is there tracheal deviation with contraction atelectasis?

A

NO, there is no tracheal deviation

28
Q

Is contraction atelectasis reversible?

A

NO, contraction atelectasis is irreversible

29
Q

What are some risk factors for alveolar collapse atelectasis?

A
  • anesthesia
  • prolonged bed rest
  • shallow breathing
  • premature birth
30
Q

What are some risk factors for obstruction atelectasis?

A
  • foreign object
  • mucus
  • tumor
31
Q

What are some risk factors for contraction atelectasis?

A

-inflammatory lung diseases –> fibrosis

32
Q

What are some risk factors for compressive atelectasis?

A
  • pneumothorax
  • hemothorax
  • pleural effusion
33
Q

What are some symptoms of atelectasis?

A
  • SOB
  • chest pain
  • cough
  • low-grade fever
34
Q

What is a complication of atelectasis?

A

pneumonia

35
Q

What are the components for evaluation for atelectasis?

A
  • history and PE
  • CXR, CT
  • Oximetry, arterial blood gas, acid-base balance

Pathophys II - Block 1 (8 decks)

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