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NUR 326 > ATB > Flashcards

ATB Flashcards

1
Q

Types of PCN

A

Natural PCN, Penicillinase-resistant PCN, aminoPCNs, extended spectrum PCN

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2
Q

Natural PCN

A

PCN G, PCN V

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3
Q

Penicillinase-resistant PCN

A

nafcillin

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4
Q

aminoPCN

A

amoxicillin, ampicillin

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5
Q

Extended spectrum PCN

A

piperacillin-tazobactam

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6
Q

MOA PCN

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidase

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7
Q

What do PCN in general treat?

A

UTI, STI, peritonitis, PNA, sepsis, meningitis

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8
Q

Adverse Reactions PCN

A

urticaria, itching, angioedema

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9
Q

Adverse Reactions PCN

A

urticaria, itching, angioedema

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10
Q

What structure do PCN have?

A

beta lactam structure

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11
Q

What bacteria do PCN work against?

A

gram +

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12
Q

PCN medication interactions

A

NSAIDs, oral contraceptives, warfarin

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13
Q

What route are the natural PCNs given?

A

usually IV or IM (STIs)

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14
Q

Nafcillin indication and route

A

staph infections

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15
Q

Amoxicillin indications and route

A

-infections of ears, nose, throat, GU, GI, esp in peds
-given PO

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16
Q

Ampicillin route

A

IV

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17
Q

Piperacillin indication

A

antipseudomonal

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18
Q

Piperacillin SE

A

-PLT interaction
-caution in renal dysfunction

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19
Q

Cephalosporin MOA

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidase

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20
Q

Cephalosporin MOA

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidase

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21
Q

cephalosporin SE

A

-abd cramps
-mild diarrhea
-rash
-pruritis
-redness
-edema
-pregnancy cat 2

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22
Q

cephalosporin SE

A

-abd cramps
-mild diarrhea
-rash
-pruritis
-redness
-edema
-pregnancy cat 2

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23
Q

structure of cephalosporins

A

beta lactam structure

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24
Q

1st Generation Cephalosporins

A

cefazolin, cephalexin

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25
Q

Cephalexin Route

A

PO, IV

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26
Q

Cefazolin Route

A

IV only

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27
Q

1st Gen Cephalosporin Indications

A

broadspectrum (+/-)
staph
nonenterococcal strep
sx prophylaxis (cefazolin)

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28
Q

Do 1st gen cephalosporins work on the CNS?

A

NO

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29
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporins

A

cefuroxime, cefotetan

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30
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporin Indications

A

gram +, some gram -
abd infections (cefuroxime)

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31
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporin Route

A

IV, PO

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32
Q

Do 2nd Gen Cephalosporins work on CNS, pseudomonas?

A

NO

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33
Q

3rd Gen Cephalosporins

A

ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxine

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34
Q

3rd Gen Cephalosporin Indications

A

gram -, less gram +
pseumomonas (ceftazidime)

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35
Q

3rd Gen Cephalosporin Routes

A

IV, IM

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36
Q

3 impt things about ceftriaxone

A

-long acting
-crosses BBB
-cannot give to liver fx patients

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37
Q

4th gen cephalosporin

A

cefepime

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38
Q

Can cefepime cross the BBB?

A

YES

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39
Q

4th gen cephalosporin indications

A

very broad spectrum
skin infections
PNA
UTIs
pseudomonas
CNS

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40
Q

5th gen cephalosporin

A

ceftaroline

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41
Q

5th gen cephalosporin indications

A

MRSA
MSSA
some VRSA/VIS
AKA “nasty staph infections”

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42
Q

What does ceftaroline treat?

A

nasty staph infections

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43
Q

What route is ceftaroline given?

A

IV only

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44
Q

Carbapenems

A

imipenem, meropenem

45
Q

carbapenem MOA

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

46
Q

carbapenem indications

A

-CNS infections (imipenem)

47
Q

carbapenem SE

A

-seizures (esp. imipenem)
-rash, diarrhea (meropenem)

48
Q

carbapenem structure

A

beta lactam

49
Q

carbapenem route

A

IV (infused over 60 minutes)

50
Q

glycopepetide

A

vancomycin

51
Q

vancomycin MOA

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

52
Q

vancomycin indications

A

-gram + bacteria, esp. MRSA and PCN resistant pneumococcus
-c. diff
-pseudomembranous colitis

53
Q

Vancomycin adverse effects

A

-ototox (reversible)
-immune mediated thrombocytopenia
-nephro toxic (be aware of IV contrast)
-watch with neuromuscular blockages
-red man syndrome

54
Q

Red Man Syndrome symptoms and nursing actions

A

itching, rash, tachy, hypotension; half infusion speed and premedicate, slow infusion with next dose

55
Q

Red Man Syndrome symptoms and nursing actions

A

itching, rash, tachy, hypotension; half infusion speed and premedicate, slow infusion with next dose

56
Q

What organ metabolizes vanc?

A

kidneys => decrease dose for renal dysfunction

57
Q

How to draw a peak, trough

A

peak (15-30 min post admin)
trough (30 min before next dose)

58
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

gentamycin, amakacin, tobramycin

59
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

gentamycin, amakacin, tobramycin

60
Q

aminoglycoside MOA

A

binds to bacterial ribosomes and prevents protein synthesis

61
Q

Aminoglycoside indications

A

-gram + bacteria
-gram - bacteria with another ATB
-complicated infections (difficult, recurrent), i.e. pyelonephritis, gynecologic, peritonitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis

62
Q

Aminoglycoside adverse reactions

A

-nephrotox (usually reversible, monitor creat, BUN)
-ototox (may not be reversible)

63
Q

Aminoglycoside adverse reactions

A

-nephrotox (usually reversible, monitor creat, BUN)
-ototox (may not be reversible)

64
Q

Major gentamycin nursing considerations

A

cannot use with neuromuscular blockade -> myasthenia gravis
CNS SE (confusion, depression, numbness, tinging, disorientation)
cochlear damage (permanent)

65
Q

Do you need peak and trough for aminoglycosides?

A

YES

66
Q

Lincosamide

A

Clindamycin

67
Q

Clindamcyin MOA

A

binds to ribosomes and inhibits PRO synthesis

68
Q

Clindamycin indications

A

complicated infections, i.e. chronic bone, intraabdominal, GU, septicemia, propx for endocarditis, serious skin infections, anaeorbic PNA

69
Q

Clindamycin adverse effects

A

-severe respiratory distress with neuromuscular blockades
-pseudomembranous colitis (severe diarrhea, bloody stool, c. diff)

70
Q

Clindamycin route

A

PO, IV

71
Q

Is peak trough needed with clindamycin?

A

YES

72
Q

Is clindamycin effective against enterobacter bacteria?

A

NO

73
Q

Macrolides

A

erythromycin
azithromycin

74
Q

Macrolides MOA

A

bind to ribosomes and prevent PRO synthesis

75
Q

Macrolide indications

A

-STI, esp gonorrhea
-upper and lower respiratory infections
-skin infections
-soft tissue infections
-LISTERIA
-LEGIONNAIRES
-MYCOPLASMA PNA

76
Q

What DM dx is erythromycin given for?

A

gastroparesis

77
Q

Why are macrolides called the “yuck” drugs?

A

cause GI upset, n/v/d

78
Q

macrolide route

A

usually PO (mx times/day)
IV is very painful

79
Q

Tetracyclines

A

tetracycline
Minocycline
Doxycycline

80
Q

Tetracycline MOA

A

inhibit PRO synthesis by binding to ribosomes

81
Q

tetracycline indications

A

RICKETTSIA (ROCKY MTN SPOTTED FEVER)
chlamydia
trichomonas
LYME DISEASE
CHOLERA
PID
MYCOPLASMA PNA
ACNE

82
Q

Tetracyline ABT Contraindications

A

pregnancy, breastfeeding, children <8 yr (enamel hypoplasia)

83
Q

Tetracyline class SE

A

tooth discoloration
photosensitivity
diarrhea
yeast infections
thrombocytopenia

84
Q

Minocycline Indications

A

Neisseria meningtides
RA
ER for acne (Solodyn)

85
Q

Flouroquinolones

A

ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin

86
Q

fluoroquinolone MOA

A

alter bacterial DNA enzymes which leads to destruction

87
Q

Cipro Indications

A

-complicated UTIs
-STIs, gonorrhea
-upper/lower respiratory. infections
-ANTHRAX

88
Q

cipro SE

A

arthropathy (usually irreversible) => avoid in less than 18 yr, greater than 60 yr

89
Q

Levofloxacin indications

A

-pneumococcal
-atypical respiratory infections

90
Q

Levofloxacin SE

A

-CNS SE, increase RF seizures
-kidney failure
-prologned QT interval
-photosensitivity

91
Q

Sulfonomides

A

sulfamexazole-trimethroprim

92
Q

sulfonomides MOA

A

prevents synthesis of folic acid to inhibit growth

93
Q

sulfamexazole-trimethoprim indications

A

-uncomplicated UTI
-resp infections
-SALMONELLA
-SHIGELLOSIS

94
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

inhibits DNA synthesis

95
Q

metronidazole indications

A

-amoebiasis
-giardiasis
-trichomoniasis
-intra abdominal infections
-H. pylori
-crohn’s
-c. diff

96
Q

Which ABT creates a toxic metabolite with ETOH?

A

metronidazole; cannot use ETOH for 24 hr before or 36 hr after

97
Q

metronidazole SE

A

-n/v
-xerostomia
-vaginal candidiasis

98
Q

oseltamivir indication

A

flu a
flu b
swine flu

99
Q

oseltamivir MOA

A

inibits neuraminidases in flu virus (prevents replication)

100
Q

oseltamivir SE

A

-n/v
-seizures
-renal impairment

101
Q

When does oseltamivir need to be taken

A

within 48 of symptom onset

102
Q

acyclovir, valcyclovir, famcyclovir MOA and indications

A

interferes w/ viral nucleic acid synthesis; prevents virus from binding with cells; turns on body’s immune virus
given for HSV 1, HSV 2, zoster

103
Q

acyclovir, valcyclovir, famcyclovir SE

A

-GI distress
-renal impairement
-seizures
-ITP
-tissue necrosis if IV not patent

104
Q

ganciclovir MOA

A

inhibits viral DNA polymerases

105
Q

ganciclovir indication

A

CMV (immunosuppressed ie HIV, transplant)

106
Q

ganciclovir 4 black box warnings

A

1) hematologic toxin (low PLT, pancytopenia)
2) fertility impairment
3) fetal toxin
4) carcinogenic?

107
Q

where is ganciclovir metabolized?

A

kidneys

108
Q

what should you not give ganciclovir with?

A

imipenem -> can cause seizures

109
Q

ganciclovir route

A

IV

NUR 326 (2 decks)

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