AT2 Knowledge Flashcards
Who were the key rivals targeted by Stalin in 1927?
Trotsky, Zinoviev, and Kamanev
Stalin expelled these rivals from the party.
How many people were estimated to be killed during the Stalinist era?
20 million
Over 600,000 were executed during the Great Purge of 1936 to 1938.
What position did Stalin hold from 1922 that allowed him to control party appointments?
General Secretary of the Communist Party
He replaced 90% of regional party secretaries with his supporters by 1929.
What was the Lenin Enrolment and when did it occur?
An addition of 500,000 new party members loyal to Stalin, by 1925
This helped consolidate Stalin’s power.
What occurred at the Tenth Party Congress?
All internal opposition groups were banned
Party Solidarity was seen as paramount.
What were the Moscow Show Trials?
Trials of prominent Bolsheviks like Nikolai Bukharin
By 1938, Stalin had executed or exiled all potential rivals.
How many members did the Politburo have originally, and how many were left after two years?
Originally 45 members, left with 11
This shows the consolidation of power.
What happened to Kamenev and 15 other politicians during the show trials?
They were put on trial
Many faced severe consequences, including execution.
What percentage of the Communist Party’s members were lost by the end of 1938?
One third
93 out of 139 Central Committee members were killed.
What was the status of collectivisation by 1940?
98% of peasant households were collectivised
This eliminated private property and centralised agricultural control.
What percentage of Russians were employed in agriculture in 1928?
Around 75%
This indicates the reliance on agriculture for a living.
When did the Central Committee order the start of enforced collectivisation?
December 1929
This marked the beginning of drastic agricultural changes.
What was the highest percentage of farmers collectivised by 1933?
91.7%
Most farmers were now on board with collectivisation.
What was the average increase in industrial output during the five-year plans?
12-17% per annum
This reflects significant industrial growth.
What was the total industrial output increase from 1928-1932?
118%
This showcases the success of industrial policies.
What position did the USSR achieve in global industrialisation by the end of the five-year plans?
Second place globally, behind the US
The industrial workforce grew significantly during this time.
What role did the NKVD play during Stalin’s regime?
Ensured citizens conformed to laws set out by Stalin
The secret police conducted mass arrests and monitored citizens.
What type of violence was used to target specific groups like the Kulaks?
Large scale violence
This was part of Stalin’s efforts to instill fear.
What was Glavlit and when was it created?
An organization overseeing media publication, created in 1922
It limited freedom within the USSR.
How many publications were taken out of circulation between 1928 and 1939?
Over 16,000
More than 24 million copies of various products were destroyed.
What advantage did Stalin gain as General Secretary?
Access to over 26,000 personal files of party members
This provided valuable information for consolidating power.
What percentage of Central Committee votes did Stalin control by 1924?
60%
This was achieved through appointed loyalists.
What was the ‘Duumvirate’?
A temporary alliance formed by Stalin with Bukharin in 1925
This was to gain majority support in the Politburo.
