ASWB 2 Flashcards
In psychosocial assessment, the individual’s degree of
dependability and consistency; in social research, the
dependability and consistency of scores on a test that is
repeated over time with the same group
Reliability
The prejudgment and negative treatment of people based
on identifiable characteristics such as race, gender,
religion, or ethnicity
Discrimination
Stereotyping and generalizing about people, usually
negative, because of their genetic background; an
ideology that a group’s genetic physical characteristics are
linked in a direct causal way to psychological, intellectual,
or behavioral traits, and these distinguish superior and
inferior groups
Racism
A combination of elements with mutual reciprocity and
identifiable boundaries that form a complex or unitary
whole; may be physical and mechanical, living and social,
or a combination of these
Systems
Actions taken to keep conditions known to result in
disease or social problems from occurring
Primary Prevention
An alliance of individuals and ideological groups to
achieve a specific goal or address a single issue or social
problem; The group is expected to disband once the goals
are reached.
Ad Hoc Agency/ coalition
A problem-solving tool often used in social welfare
planning, administration, and community organization for
assessing the degree of resistance or receptivity to a
proposed change
Force Field Analysis ( FFA )
An orientation or set of beliefs that holds that one’s
culture, racial or ethnic group, or nationality is inherently
superior to others
Ethnocentrism
A diagram or graphic presentation often used by group
workers to display how members of the group feel about
one another and how they tend to align themselves with
some and against other members of the group or
organization
Sociogram
The activities of social workers to bring services and
information about the availability of services to people in
their home or usual environments
Outreach
The customs, habits, skills, technology, arts, values,
ideology, science, religion, and political behavior of a
group of people in a specific time period
Culture
The adoption of an individual or group to the social
patterns, behaviors, and values of others
Acculturation
A system of moral principles and perceptions about right
versus wrong and the resulting philosophy of conduct that
is practiced by an individual, group, or profession
Ethics
A situation that occurs when two or more moral values
seem to be equally valid but contradictory and the
individual is required to make the best possible choice
from among them
Ethical Dilemma
A belief about the supposed superiority or inferiority of
individuals, groups, or nations based on their ethnic
affiliations
Cultural Bias
A pattern of antisocial behavior by people younger than
age 18 (or 21 in some jurisdictions) that would be
regarded as criminal in nature if committed by adults
Juvenile Delinquency
An organizational plan, social policy, or legal doctrine that
specifies how many or what proportion of people of an
identified status will be included in an identified group;
This may include or exclude people.
Quota System
A formal process of evaluating the type and amount of
service offered and delivered to organizations to
determine if those services are justified; This often occurs
when funds for agencies are received from government
bodies or other third party groups.
Utilization Review
Those individuals or groups who have a greater
probability of being harmed by specific social,
environmental, or health problems than the population as
a whole
Vulnerable Population
A criminal justice procedure that permits convicted law
violators to leave a correctional facility or other institution
to go to their jobs and return to the facility immediately
after work
Work Release
The view that public assistance and other social services
are entitlements available to any of a nation’s citizens
Welfare Rights
Persistent, intense, and unreasonable fear of strangers or
foreign people
Xenophobia
An organization or government’s explicit ruling that a
specified intentional act will result in some sanction,
including expulsion
zero tolerance policies
Privately funded and administered federated
organizations, usually with chapters or recreational
facilities in most communities with the purpose of helping
young people achieve their developmental potentials
Youth Services Organization
The behaviors and personality characteristics that are
attached to people because of their sex, often
inaccurately
Gender Roles
An opinion about an individual, group, or phenomenon
that is developed without proof or systematic evidence;
usually negative
Prejudice
Championing the rights of individuals or communities
through direct intervention or through empowerment;
This is a basic obligation of the social work profession.
Advocacy
Perfectionist - type of Personality Disorder
Obsessive-compulsive
I’d rather be alone.” ( type of PD)
Schizoid
”I just met him tonight, but I think he’s my soulmate!” (type of PD)
Histrionic
Entitlement ( PD)
Narcissistic
”You’re cheating on me, I know it!”
Paranoid
Helplessness ( type of PD)
Dependent
Physical fights or assaults ( type of PD)
Antisocial
”People should try harder, do better.”
Obsessive- Compulsive
Poor self image
Avoident
Push- pull
Borderline
”I’ve always had a special gift. I can sense when bad
things are about to happen!”
Schizotypal
Sexual seductiveness
Histrionic
”I can’t tell you. You’ll use it against me.”
Paranoid
Emotionally cold
Schizoid
”I want to go, but I’m afraid everyone will make fun of
me.”
Avoidant
”I hate being alone.”
Dependent
Suspicion
Paranoid
”The rules don’t apply to me.”
Narcississtic
Indifferent
schizoid
”I just feel empty. I don’t know who I am.”
Borderline
Lack of remorse
antisocial
”If you knew the real me, you wouldn’t want me here.”
avoidant
”If you would just do things my way, everything would be
better.”
obsessive Compulsive
Ideas of reference
Schizotypal
”I can’t make up my mind. You decide for me.”
Dependent
Self-mutilating behavior
Borderline
Center of attention
Histrionic
Odd, eccentric appearance
Schizotypal
”I don’t care if I get hurt. I’m doing it.”
antisocial
Lack of empathy
Narcissistic
Systematic investigations that include inductive, in-depth,
studies of individuals, groups, organizations, or
communities; focuses on the why and how of decision
making to better understand human behavior
Qualitative Research
This is a factor that can be varied or manipulated in an
experiment.
Independent Variable
The degree to which an instrument measures the
characteristic being investigated
construct Validity
Systematic investigations that include descriptive or
inferential statistical analysis
Quantitative Research
Systematic research inquiries made without complete
controls
Quasi-Experimental Research
In social research, the concept concerned with the extent
to which a procedure is able to measure the quality it is
intended to measure
Validity
The phenomenon or reaction to be tested or measured
when a new stimulus, condition, or treatment is
introduced
Dependent Variable
The extent to which study findings can be generalized
beyond the sample used in the study
External Validity
A questionnaire or other data-gathering instrument
administered to a subject just before a period of inquiry
that provides a baseline for comparison with the end
results
Pretest
Research conducted under carefully controlled conditions,
in which the subjects being investigated are randomly
selected and systematically compared with control
groups, with treatment variables being introduced to the
experimental group but not the control group, and the use
of statistical analysis to determine if significant
differences occur between the groups observed
Experimental Study
A research procedure often used in clinical situations to
evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention; The
behavior of an individual client is used as a comparison
and a control.
Single-Subject Design
The degree to which different people give similar scores
for the same observations; refers to the consistency of a
measure
Inter-Rater Reliability
The middle score
Median
Repeated testing of the same phenomenon or group of
subjects over an extended period
Longitudinal Study
The extent to which the effects detected in a study are
truly caused by the treatment or exposure in the study
sample, rather than being due to other biasing effects of
extraneous variables
Internal Validity
A type of study design used to explore or gain insights into
a phenomenon
Exploratory Study
The value that occurs most frequently
Mode
The use of chance procedures in psychology experiments
to ensure that each participant has the same opportunity
to be assigned to any given group
Random Assignment
The process of searching published work to find out what
is known about a research topic
Literature Review
The average value or measure of central tendency
Mean
A mutual relation; a pattern of variation between two
phenomena in which change in one is associated with
change in the other
Correlation
In research, a collection of subjects who are matched and
compared with a control group in all relevant respects,
except that they are also subject to a specific variable
being tested
Experimental Group
A statement that no relationship exists between study
variables
Null Hypothesis
A procedure for testing and validating a questionnaire or
other instrument by administering it to a small group of
respondents from the intended test population; The
procedure helps determine whether the test items
possess the desired qualities of measurement and the
ability to discriminate other problems before the
instrument is put to widespread use
Pilot Study
A questionnaire or other data-gathering instrument
administered to a subject at the end of a specific period
of inquiry
Posttest
• Aims to change behavioral, emotional, and
thinking patterns associated with dysfunction
• Developed to treat intense emotional swings,
impulsiveness, confusion regarding the self
(identity), and suicidal behavior
• Teaches mindfulness, interpersonal
effectiveness, emotion regulation, distress
tolerance, and self-management.
• Good for Borderline Personality Disorder
dialectical Behavior therapy
• Change through understanding multigenerational
dynamics.
• Individuals cannot be understood in isolation
from one another, but rather as a part of their
family.
• Family members are driven to achieve a balance
of internal and external differentiation. which
causes anxiety, triangulation, and emotional
cutoff.
• This can be changed by understanding
multigenerational or current family dynamics and
patterns.
Bowen Family Therepy
• Change through finding meaning in life
• Founded upon the belief that it is the striving to
find a meaning in one’s life that is the primary,
most powerful motivating and driving force
• Understanding purpose
Logotherapy
• Change through increased awareness of hereand-now experience.
• Focuses on the process, what is actually
happening, and the content, what is being talked
about.
• Emphasizes what is going on in the present
moment within both the client and the therapist
rather than what has happened.
• Empty chair technique example of bringing issue
into present moment
Gestalt Therapy
• Change through insight/understanding of early unresolved/unconscious issues • Insight oriented therapy • Explore client’s transference • Identify defense mechanisms
Psychodynamic Therapy
• Change behavior through reinforcements and
punishment
• Identify the problem, monitor behavior, reinforce
desired behavior
• Shaping is a form of operant conditioning in
which the increasingly accurate approximations
of a desired response are reinforced.
• Good for children with behavioral problems
Behavioral Therapy
• Change happens by learning to modify
dysfunctional thought patterns
• Clients explore patterns of thinking and beliefs
that lead to self-destructive behaviors.
• Once an individual understands the relationship
between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, he or
she is able to modify or change his or her
patterns of thinking to cope with stressors in a
more positive manner.
• Focus on automatic thoughts, schemas,
assumptions, beliefs
Cognitive Therapy
• Change happens through supporting clients to
take actions to address the problems in their
lives. Short term.
• Focus of help is on client-defined problems and
goals; Social worker is open about purposes and
nature of service, eschews hidden agendas.
• The client’s problems, goals, and the nature and
duration of service are explicitly stated and
agreed upon by both social worker and client.
• Change is affected primarily through problemsolving actions or tasks the client and practitioner
undertake OUTSIDE the interview. The social
worker helps clients select tasks.
Task-Centered / Problem Solving Therapy
• Change through remodeling the family’s
organization
• Many family problems arise as a result of
maladaptive boundaries and subsystems within
the family system.
• A systems approach that address relationship
dynamics of whole family
• The therapist helps the family understand how
family structure (relationships and hierarchies)
can be changed, the impact of rituals and rules,
and how new patterns of interaction can be
integrated into the family.
Structural Family Therapy
• Change through recognizing disempowering
social forces and empowering client.The
therapist helps the client recognize these
disempowering forces or influences, a process
which can ultimately empower the client.
• The therapist recognizes that with every
symptom there is a strength and also shows the
client that she is her own rescuer and equal to
the therapist.
• Good for eating disorders
Feminist Therapy
• Change occurs through accessing client’s
strengths and resources.
• This is a brief, goal-directed therapy focused on
client’s strengths and resources
• Focuses on what the client wants to achieve
instead of focusing on the problems
• Focuses on the client’s strengths and resources
in order to create a more effective future
Solution-Focused Therapy
