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physics > astrophysics > Flashcards

astrophysics Flashcards

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1
Q

order of size space

A

moon/satellite- planet - star - solar system - galaxy - universe

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2
Q

satellites

A

orbit planets
natural - moon
artificial - International Space Station

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3
Q

planets

A

orbit stars

Mercury- Venus - Earth - Mars - Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune

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4
Q

comets

A

orbit star in an elliptical orbit
consists of ice rock and dust
fastest when closest to star
when close to star has trail (ice melts)

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5
Q

what keep in orbit

A

gravuty

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6
Q

orbital velocity

A

v = 2 pi r/T

convert time and radius into units to match velocity or use own

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7
Q

life cycle of a low mass star

A

nebula > protostar > main sequence star > red giant > white dwarf

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8
Q

life cycle of a high mass star

A

nebula > protostar > main sequence star > red super giant > supernova > neutron star/black hole

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9
Q

nebula

A

cloud of dust and gas (H)

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10
Q

protostar

A

GPE > KE + heat

dust and gas forced together by gravity

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11
Q

main sequence

A

nuclear fusion of H > He when temp is high enough

stable - gravitational force balanced by radiation pressure due to heat

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12
Q

red giant / super giant

A

H starts to run out (no nuclear fusion)
core collapses
fusion of He > heavier elements

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13
Q

white dwarf

A

outer layers float away leaving small core (no nuclear fusion)

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14
Q

supernova explosion

A

heat from explosion fuses Fe > even heavier elements

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15
Q

neutron star

A

the very dense core left after a supernova

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16
Q

black hole

A

an object whose gravity is so strong that nothing not even light can escape

17
Q

gravitational field strength

A

g measured in N/kg

18
Q

hertz spring russel diagram

A

absolute magnitude of luminosity against temp.

19
Q

hertz spring russel diagram temp.

A

colour determines surface temp.
blue - hot
red - cooler

20
Q

hertz spring russel diagram absolute magnitude

A

how bright they appear to be if all at same distance away
affected by temp + size
bigger + hotter = brighter
- red giants are cool but big so bright
- white dwarfs are hot but small so not that bright

21
Q

spectra

A

when we look at white light that has past through the prism it splits into colours (continuous spectrum)

22
Q

absorption spectrum

A

when we look at light from stars and galaxies we see this

  • brightest wavelength determines temp
  • absorption lines - gas surrounding star absorbed diff wavelengths or colours and appear as dark lines
23
Q

absorption spectra use

A

we can identify what elements exist in star

each element absorbs its own unique set of wavelengths

24
Q

doppler effect

A

change in wavelength (or frequency) due to relative motion between the source of waves and observer

25
Q

red shift

A

same pattern of lines moved towards red end of the spectrum

wavelength increased moving away

26
Q

cause of redshift

A

the doppler effect

  • can happen to any wave (sound or light)
  • change in wavelength (or freq. ) due to relative motion between the source of waves and observer
27
Q

blue shift

A

wavelength decreased - moving towards

28
Q

velocity of moving source

A

change in wavelength/ wavelength = velocity / speed of light

29
Q

speed of light

A

3 x 10^8 m/s

30
Q

big bang theory

A

creation of the universe (space and time) universe began at a single hot dense point > expanded since big bang > cooled since big bang

31
Q

evolution of universe

A

big bang > protons / electrons > atoms > stars > galaxies > life in earth

32
Q

evidence of big bang theory

A
  • red shift of light from distant galaxies
  • CMBR
    galaxies are moving away at speed - big explosion started this at some point
    CMBR is left over energy from big explosion
33
Q

red shift as evidence for big bang

A

hubble used redshift to calculate speed moving further away galaxy = moving faster
therefore universe is expanding
and at some point must’ve started at one point

34
Q

CMBR as evidence for big bang

A

light released when atoms first formed should still exist all around
universe has been expanding so wavelength of light should redshift (to microwave)
CMBR was discovered to exist in every direction

physics (19 decks)

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