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Earth Science > Astronomy Unit > Flashcards

Astronomy Unit Flashcards

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1
Q

star

A

ball of gases that gives of energy

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2
Q

what are starts defined by

A

size, temp, luminosity, an color

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3
Q

what do colors of stars tell us about temp

A

blue stars are hotter

red stars are cooler

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4
Q

why do stars appear to move in the sky

A

because Earth is moving

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5
Q

what is a red-shift & blue shift

A

colors in the spectrum of a star moving towards earth shows a blue shift. and moving away shows a red shift

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6
Q

what is a light year

A

the distance light travels in a year

about 5.88 trillion miles

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7
Q

apparent magnitude

A

the brightness of a star as it appears from earth

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8
Q

absolute magnitude

A

the true brightness of a star; the brightness that a star would have at a distance of 32.6 light-years from Earth.

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9
Q

when/how does a protostar turn into a star

A

when temp rises 10,000,000C and nuclear fusion begins

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10
Q

giant

A

a large, bright star whose core has used most of its hydrogen

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11
Q

white dwarf

A

extremely dense core left after a star collapses

it is a small,hot, and dim star

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12
Q

galaxy

A

a collection of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity

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13
Q

what are the types of galaxy shapes

A

spiral, elliptical, and irregular

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14
Q

what shape is our galaxy

A

spiral; the milky way

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15
Q

what color is our star

A

yellow (the sun)

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16
Q

what are the 2 most common elements in a star

A

hydrogen and helium

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17
Q

what is the seasonal movement and circular motion due to?

A

seasonal movement- revolution of the Earth around the sun

circular motion-rotation of the Earth on its axis around the Polaris

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18
Q

what are circumpolar constellations? give examples…

A

stars that rotate around the Polaris

such as: Ursa Minor, Little Bear

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19
Q

Cosmic background radiation

A

radiation uniformly detected from every direction in space; considered a remnant of the big bang.

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20
Q

Big Bang Theory

A

the theory that all matter and energy in the universe was compressed into and extremely small volume that 13 to 15 billion years ago exploded and began expanding in all directions.

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21
Q

Quasar

A

a very luminous object that produces energy at a high rate; very bright, distant galaxies that are thought to have enormous black holes in their centers.

22
Q

Black Hole

A

an object so massive and dense that even light cannot escape its gravity; a star that collapsed into itself

23
Q

Pulsar

A

a rapidly spinning neutron star that emits pulses of radio and optical energy.

24
Q

Neutron star

A

a star that has collapsed under gravity to the point that the electrons and protons have smashed together to form neutrons.

25
Q

Nova

A

a star that suddenly becomes brighter.

26
Q

Nebula

A

a large cloud of gas and dust in interstellar space; a region in space where stars are born.

27
Q

Parallax

A

an apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from 2 different locations.

28
Q

Doppler Effect

A

an observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving.

29
Q

Evidence for the big bang theory includes…

A

red shifts, cosmic background radiation, and ripples in space.

30
Q

what can constellations be used for

A

they can be used to locate celestial objects.

31
Q

What do Main-sequence stars generate energy through

A

hydrogen fusion

32
Q

what are galaxies movement to a central point

A

they are moving away

33
Q

energy in stars is produced by…

A

the fusion of hydrogen into helium

34
Q

The seasons are caused by

A

the tilt of Earth’s axis

35
Q

perihelion

aphelion

A

p: point closest to the sun in the orbit of a planet
a: point farthest from the sun in the orbit of a planet

36
Q

what provides evidence that the Earth is rotating

A

the Foucault pendulum and the Coriolis effect and the change in location of constellations depending on season

37
Q

one revolution of Earth around the sun is eqaul to..

A

1 year

38
Q

one rotation on earths axis is equal to..

A

1 day

39
Q

how did planets form?

A

from collisions of smaller bodies called planetesimals

40
Q

in what part of a planets orbit does it move the fastest

A

when closest to the sun it moves faster

41
Q

what are the inner planets

A

mercury, venus,earth, mars

42
Q

what are some differences between terrestrial/inner planets and outer/gas planets

A

they are much closer together, much smaller, and denser

43
Q

what inner planets have moons? notable atmospheres?

A

moons: earth and mars

notable atmosphere: all but Mercury

44
Q

How was Earths moon tought to have been made?

A

a giant impact between Earth and a Mars-Sized body caused part of Earths mantel to be ejected. As the molten cooled it formed 3 layers of the moon

45
Q

when do Eclipses occur

A

when one planetary body passes through the shadow of another

46
Q

starting from full moon what are the phases of the moon

A

new, waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, waining crescent

47
Q

how does the moon affect tides

A

the closer the moon is to earth the higher the gravitational pull and tides

48
Q

astroids and comets

A

a: large rock bodies
c: smaller made of rock dust and ice

49
Q

sunspot

A

spots on the sun that are darker because they are much cooler and have stronger magnetic fields than their surrounding.

it is cooler because it does not get as much energy from the core

50
Q

cycle of a star…

A

> sun like star>r giant>planetary nebula>w dwarf
nebual&raquo_space; prostar
> massive star>red supergiant> supernova> Neutron stars, pulsars, or black holes.

51
Q

what does the big band theory tell us about early universe?

A

at one point in time all matter in the universe would have been close together and then the “big bang” sent all the matter fling outward and all directions causing them to start moving away from eachother

Earth Science (6 decks)

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