20 week exam

Question 1

During the process of condensation, how much energy is gained or released?

Answer 1

there is 2260 j/g Head energy released during condensation (on esrt)

Question 2

How does the nearness to the seafloor spreading center indicate an age of seafloor rock and sediments?

Answer 2

the further you move away from the center the older the rock becomes.

Question 3

In which portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is the maximum intensity of Earths outgoing radiation?

Answer 3

Infrared rays

Question 4

Which characteristics identify mountain landscape regions

Answer 4

high relief, distorted bedrock, high elevation, plateaus

Question 5

What happens to rocks as they are carried great distances from their origin river? What is the name for this process of weathering?

Answer 5

abrasion: as sediments are transported, particles collide with each other and other objects which cause them to change in size and shape and after they travel long distance particles tend to be more rounded and smooth

Question 6

name monomineralic rock?

Answer 6

limestone, Quartzite, Rock salt, Dunite

Question 7

What do you need to know to find an equation that determines the approximate rate of earth revolution.

Answer 7

Days in a year- 365
degrees of a circle- 360
(needs to find equation that comes out to 1 degree per day)

Question 8

Compare the characteristics of the continental crust and the oceanic crust

Answer 8

OCEANIC CRUST:
denser, subducting plate, made up of rock like basalt

CONTINENTAL CRUST:
less dense, overriding plate, made up of rocks like granite, located at higher elivations/ floats higher on the mantle (because it is less dense)

Question 9

Which substance will heat up most quickly when placed in sunlight based on specific heat

Answer 9

lead

Question 10

The Hawaiian islands were formed as a result of…

Answer 10

the Hawaiian hot spot

Question 11

Why is there a greater difference between the P waves and S waves arrival times at a sesmic station farther from the epicenter rather than closer to the epicenter of an earthquake

Answer 11

because p-waves have a faster velocity than s-waves, meaning p-waves arrive at a station or location first, before s-waves, so as the distance from the epicenter increases, the distance that needs to be traveled and the travel times of the waves also increases. S waves are also not able to pass through liquid

Question 12

Explain why andesite and diorite can both have the same percentage of mineral composition by volume, and yet be two different igneous rocks

Answer 12

Because they have different rates of cooling and this results in different grain size. Diorite is intrusive and has slower cooling time resulting in courser grain. Andesite is extrusive and cools much quicker resulting in a finer grain

Question 13

wht is a gnomon and what does it show ?

Answer 13

A gnomon is the part of a sundial that casts a shadow. It shows the time by the position of the shadow

Question 14

what is the Coriolis effect and what does it show ?

Answer 14

When winds move slightly to the right in the northern hemisphere and slightly to the left in the southern hemisphere. This affect help show how wind storms and hurricanes will form

Question 15

What is chemical fractionation and what causes it

Answer 15

(density stratification) The layering of substances by density; highest density on the bottom, lowest density on the top. It is caused by diffrent densities

Question 16

Approximately how many years ago did Earth and other planets in our solar system begin the process of
chemical fractionation?

Answer 16

4600 mya

Question 17

What is shadow zone and why does it form?

Answer 17

Location on earth surface where no body waves from a particular earthquake can be detected. They form because materials that make up earths interior are not uniform in rigidity. the waves also bend and change in direction when raveling through certain materials