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Astronomy > Astronomy Final > Flashcards

Astronomy Final Flashcards

0
Q

What do you call when an object moves away and light stretches to the red part of the EM spectrum?

A

Redshift

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1
Q

What is William Hershel famous for?

A

He discovered infrared light.

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2
Q

How are wavelength and energy related?

A

Longer wavelength = Less energy

Shorter wavelength = More energy

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3
Q

How thick is the Milky Way galaxy?

A

100,000 light years

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4
Q

List the EM spectrum from longest/weakest to shortest/strongest.

A 
Radio
Microwave
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
X-Ray
Gamma
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5
Q

What happened 300,000 years after the Big Bang?

A

Matter begins to condense.

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6
Q

About how many planets are there in the galaxy?

A

100 million - 400 million

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7
Q

What is in the center of the galaxy?

A

A super massive black hole.

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8
Q

How far away is Earth from the sun?

A

93,000,000 miles

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9
Q

Is the universe static or expanding?

A

Expanding

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10
Q

How far is Earth and Proxima Centauri?

A

4 light years

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11
Q

What is the current theory of how the universe began?

A

The Big Bang

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12
Q

List a type of astronomer

A

Planetary

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13
Q

How far does light travel in a year?

A

6 trillion miles

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14
Q

Define Astronomy

A

The study of the moon, stars, planets, comets, gas, galaxies, dust, and other non-bodies & phenomena.

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15
Q

List 2 problems astronomers have with viewing the sky. How do they fix the problem?

A

Surrounding light. Move away.

Air Temperature. Move higher.

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16
Q

List the 3 main pieces of evidence of the Big Bang.

A
  • Cosmic Background Radiation
  • Redshift
  • Specific amounts of Helium, Lithium, & Deuterium.
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17
Q

What does Hubble’s Law tell us?

A

The universe is expanding.

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18
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

186,000 mps

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19
Q

What is an astronomical unit?

A

93 million miles

Earth to Sun

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20
Q

What happens in the core of a star

A

Elements are fused to make heavier elements and release energy in the process
(Thermonuclear Fusion)

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21
Q

How are the formations galaxies and stars similar?

A

Both are formed by gravity and large clouds of gas.

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22
Q

What would happen if matter had been distributed evenly?

A

Gravity could not form clumps of gas to form stars, galaxies, etc.

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23
Q

Which star class has a high temperature and blue in color?

A

O

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24
Q

What are most stars classified as in the HR diagram?

A

Main Sequence

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25
Q

What is not a stage of a massive star?

A

Brown Dwarf

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26
Q

What can we find out of a star’s emission spectra?

A

What elements are present.

27
Q

What is the source of all the heavy elements of the universe?

A

All came from the life cycles of stars.

28
Q

What high mass stellar core rotates at speeds of 100s a second?

A

A neutron star

29
Q

What will sun eventually become?

A

White Dwarf

30
Q

What is the primary fuel for a star?

A

Hydrogen

31
Q

What is the classification of stars?

A

O, B, A, F, G, K, M

32
Q

What does gravity depend on?

A

Mass and Distance

33
Q

Define gravity

A

A fundamental force of the universe that causes objects to be attracted to each other.

34
Q

What is a black hole?

A

A ultra dense remains of a star compressed into a tiny space that gravity is so strong that not even light can escape.

35
Q

Are the majority of stars dimmer or brighter?

A

Dimmer

36
Q

What star could end up as a black hole?

A

A massive star

37
Q

What does the x axis of a HR diagram tell us? y?

A

Temperature.

Luminosity.

38
Q

What is the term for Earth’s wobble?

A

Procession

39
Q

What inner planet has 2 moons?

A

Mars

40
Q

What is the longest period of daylight for the Northern Hemisphere?

A

Summer Solstice

41
Q

What type of motion allow us to measure a single day?

A

Rotation

42
Q

What is the current theory of how solar systems are formed?

A

Condensation Theory

43
Q

Where do the majority of comets are from?

A

Oort Cloud

44
Q

Of all the eight planets, which do we know the most about other than Earth?

A

Mars

45
Q

What do you call a planet that has not cleared its orbit?

A

Dwarf Planet

46
Q

What do you call a planet outside our solar system?

A

Exoplanet

47
Q

Which planet has the hottest surface temperature?

A

Venus

48
Q

What material is at the center of the inner planets?

A

Metal/Rock

49
Q

About how long does it take for the moon to orbit Earth?

A

27.3 days

50
Q

Name a dwarf planet other than Pluto.

A

Eris

51
Q

What is the IAU’s definition of a planet?

A

1) must orbit a sun
2) has enough mass to be nearly round or is round
3) has cleared the neighborhood

52
Q

What are the eight planets and what are they made of?

A 
Mercury, Venus, Earth, & Mars 
- Rocky
Jupiter & Saturn
- Gas
Uranus & Neptune
- Ice
53
Q

What is Kepler’s 1st law?

A

All planet orbits are elliptical.

54
Q

What is Kepler’s 2nd law?

A

The closer a planet is to its star, the faster it moves.

The farther a planet is to its star, the slower it moves.

55
Q

What is Kepler’s 3rd law?

A

Distance and speed are of revolution are directly related.

56
Q

Give 2 reasons why scientists think Mars once had life

A

It once had water and some areas are similar to Earth.

57
Q

What type of eclipse is it when the moon’s shadow passes in front of the sun?

A

Total Solar Eclipse

58
Q

Mercury, Venus, and/or Mars?

Has a retrograde motion of rotation

A

Venus

59
Q

Mercury, Venus, and/or Mars?

Orbital period of only 88 Earth days

A

Mercury

60
Q

Mercury, Venus, and/or Mars?

Has the largest mountain feature in the solar system

A

Mars

61
Q

Mercury, Venus, and/or Mars?

Has no moon

A

Mercury and Venus

62
Q

Mercury, Venus, and/or Mars?
Brightest object in the sky
(After the sun and moon)

A

Venus

63
Q

Mercury, Venus, and/or Mars?Smallest planet

A

Mercury

64
Q

Mercury, Venus, and/or Mars?

Once had liquid water

A

Mars

Astronomy (4 decks)

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