Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science Summer Review (Before grade 10/grade 10 level) > Astronomy > Flashcards

Astronomy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the process of the big bang?

A
  • The rapid expansion of space is called INFLATION
  • Ripples of energy spread outwards and when inflation ended, energy was converted into MATTER.
  • The ripples remained as regions of different DENSITY’S of gases formed after the big bang
  • The denser regions collapsed to form the first STARS and Galaxy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When did the big bang occur?

A

13.8 billion years ago (or 14 if rounded)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the evidence for the big bang?

A
  1. COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION (ripples) - radio and micro-waves giving a pattern of how the early universe may have looked
  2. The universe is EXPANDING, galaxies appear to be moving away from each other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are red shifts?
(3 points)

A
  • Using a spectroscope to analyze light, we find that light from the edge of the universe appears Red shifted (redder) compared to expected.
  • This “red shift” is a piece of evidence for an expanding universe
  • The change of wavelength because an object is moving relative to the observer is called the Doppler effect.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the characteristics of the other ends of the red shifts?

A

ROYGBIV
= Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet

  • Red has low energy, long wavelength, violet has high energy short wavelength
  • Frequency and wavelength are inversely related, as one increases, the other decreases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When was the big bang?

A

The big bang - 13.8 billion years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When was earth formed?

A

Earth was formed - 4.6 billion years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What were the order of events (NO NEED TO GIVE YEARS)
(End of lesson 1)

A

1.The big bang
2.Quarks
3.Quarks forming together to form particles and hadrons
4. Protons and neutrons combine to form hydrogen and helium
5. Protons and Neutrons are added to the nuclei, forming the first atom

6.Gravity causes dust and gas to clump together and form stars
7.Single celled life evolved
8.Gravity causes small hard objects to clump and form planets
9.Gravity causes stars and other bodies to begin orbiting a central star, forming a galaxy
10. Earth was formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a galaxy?

A
  • A galaxy is a collection of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity
  • Astronomers estimate that there are over 250 billion galaxies
  • Galaxies occur in 3 basic shapes, elliptical, spiral, irregular
  • Our galaxy, the milky way is a spiral galaxy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a nebula?

Colour?

A
  • A nebula is a cloud of gas and dust in outer space
  • Humans add colour to the images to indicate radiation levels
  • They are actually cloudy looking, white, grey, brown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the alternative for Km used for planet distances?

Why?

A

149,600,000 = 1 AU
Or Astronomical unit
1 hundred 49 million, 600 thousand

Km were too small for describing the distance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the difference between a galaxy and a nebula?
2 each, 3 similarities

A

Galaxy:
- Also made of stars
- Formed first and larger

Nebula:
- Part of a galaxy, and there are multiple inside
- Smaller

Similarities:
- Made of gas and dust
- Formed when dark matter collapsed on itself
- Made by gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the relationship between colour and temperature?

What is the relationship between colour and luminosity?

A

Colour and Temperature: Hot stars are blue or white, while cool stars are red or orange.

Colour and Luminosity: Bluer stars are usually more luminous than redder stars.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the relationship between colour and radius?

What is the relationship between colour and mass?

A

Colour and Radius: Larger stars can be red, while smaller, hotter stars are blue or white.

Colour and Mass: Heavier stars are blue or white, and less heavy stars are red or orange.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the relationship between temperature and luminosity?

What is the relationship between temperature and radius?

A

Temperature and Luminosity: Hotter stars are brighter.

Temperature and Radius: Hotter stars are smaller for the same brightness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the relationship between temperature and mass?

What is the relationship between luminosity and radius?

A

Temperature and Mass: Heavier stars are hotter.

Luminosity and Radius: Bigger stars are brighter.

16
Q

What is the relationship between luminosity and mass?

What is the relationship between radius and mass?

A

Luminosity and Mass: More massive stars are much brighter.

Radius and Mass: Wider stars have bigger mass.

17
Q

What are the characteristics of Main Sequence Stars?

A
  • Characteristics: Fuse hydrogen into helium; primary lifecycle stage.
  • Temperature: 2,000 K to over 30,000 K.
  • Luminosity: Varies widely with mass and temperature.
18
Q

What are the characteristics of Red Dwarves?

A
  • Characteristics: Small, cool, faint; long lifespans.
  • Temperature: 2,500 - 4,000 K.
  • Luminosity: Very low.
19
Q

What are the characteristics of Giants?

A
  • Characteristics: Expanded stars that have exhausted core hydrogen.
  • Temperature: Cooler than similar mass main sequence stars.
  • Luminosity: Much higher than main sequence stars.
20
Q

What are the characteristics of Super Giants?

A
  • Characteristics: Very massive, luminous; late evolutionary stage.
  • Temperature: Can be very hot (blue) or cooler (red).
  • Luminosity: Extremely high.
21
Q

What are the characteristics of White Dwarves?

A
  • Characteristics: Remnants of low to medium-mass stars; no fusion.
  • Temperature: Initially very hot, cools over time.
  • Luminosity: Low, diminishes over time.
22
Q

What are the stages a star goes through from forming?

End of lesson 2

A
  1. Nebula condenses to become prostar
  2. Star begins nuclear reactions to make light from heat

IF LARGER:
A. Stars of greater mass expand, cools, and turns red
B. Super giant explodes, blasting away outer layer
C. EITHER Core collapses and becomes dense, forming a neutron star, OR Core collapses completely and vanishes, and becomes black hole

IF SMALLER:
A. Stars of less mass expand and glows red as it cools
B. Becomes planetary nebula
C. White dwarf
D. (Star cools and reddens) White cooling dwarf
E. (Star stops glowing) Black Dwarf

23
Q

When did the solar system start forming?

A

4.5 billion years ago leftover material (dust and gas) from the formation of the sun formed into our solar system.

24
Q

When did the inner planets form/what are they?

A
  • The inner/terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) formed first, about 100 million years ago.
  • These have solid cores and rocky surfaces.
25
Q

what are the outer planets?

A
  • The outer (jovian) planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) are clumps of gas and dust
26
Q

What is the asteroid belt location?

What are comets made of and where are they located?

A
  • Asteroid belt is found between Mars and Jupitor.
  • Comets are composed of rock, ice, and gas and are found on the edge of the solar system in the Oort cloud
27
Q

What is the order of planets?

A

Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, ASTEROID BELT, Jupitor, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

28
Q

What is revolution?

A

Revolution is the time taken for a planet to orbit once around the central star.

Takes: 365.25 days or 1 year

Causes: The seasons

29
Q

What is rotation?

A

Rotation is the time taken for a planet to rotate once on its own axis.

Takes: 24 hours or 1 day

Causes: Day & Night

30
Q

What is orbit?
End of lesson 3

A

Orbit is the path taken by a planet when revolving around the central star. (Ellipse shape)

31
Q

Why do we see the moon?

What is waxing vs waning?

What shape does gibbous, quarter, and crescent have.

A

We see the moon because light from the sun reflects off the surface of the moon to us on earth.

Waxing is when the moon gets more visible, waning is when the moon gets less visible

Gibbous is semi circle shaped, quarter is straight, and crescent is crescent shaped.

32
Q

What is a solar eclipse?

What is umbra and penumbra?

A
  1. Moon is between earth and sun
  2. Light is reflected away from earth
  3. Moon is dark and we cannot see it against night sky

Umbra is black part of shadow, penumbra is the lighter part of the shadow.

33
Q

What is a lunar eclipse?

What is umbra and penumbra?

A
  1. Earth is between moon and sun
  2. Earth blocks sunlight from reaching moon
  3. Moon is dark and we cannot see it against night sky

Umbra is black part of shadow, penumbra is the lighter part of the shadow.

34
Q

Similarities and differences between Solar and Lunar eclipes?

A

Solar:
- Moon is between earth and sun
- You can see slivers of light around the side
Lunar:
- Earth is between sun and moon
- You cannot see anything
Similarities:
- Both involve something blocking the sun
- Both cast shadow

35
Q

What causes seasons?

What is the axis and what does it do?

A
  • Seasons happen because the earth is tilted.
  • There is an imaginary line going through the centre of the earth called the axis
  • When you are on the part of the Earth that is facing the sun, it is daytime
  • When you are on the part of the Earth that is tilted towards the sun, it is summer
  • Sunlight hits places on the equator almost directly, making it hotter.
36
Q

What are high tides

A
  • The moon is smaller than Earth, so it’s gravity is weaker.
  • Because the moon is so close to Earth we still feel it’s gravity.
  • As a moon’s gravity pulls on Earth it causes water to bulge and we call this a ‘high tide’
37
Q

Why do we get 2 tides in a day?

What is a king tide?

A

There are 2 tides a day because the Earth is squeezed as the moon’s gravity pulls on earth’s water, causing it to bulge on either side, rotating while bulged.

A king tide is when the sun and the moon are aligned, gravitational force is particularly strong, causing an extra high tide.

38
Q

Alien traits

A

Short = from planet with high gravity & vice versa

Furless = warm planet & vice versa

No webbing = land animal/planet has land & vice versa

Science Summer Review (Before grade 10/grade 10 level) (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions