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Astronomy Flashcards

1
Q

Order of planets (and asteroid belt) from sun

A

Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, asteroid belt, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

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2
Q

What is the difference between outer and inner planets?

A

The four inner planets have shorter orbits, slower spin, no rings, and they are made of rock and metal. The four outer planets have longer orbits and spins, a composition of gases and liquids, numerous moons, and rings. The outer planets are made of hydrogen and helium, so they are called gas giants.

“Gas giants are made of mostly gas, are heavier, colder, and have more moons than inner planets”

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3
Q

What planets are inner/terrestrial?

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

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4
Q

What planets are outer/gas giants

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

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5
Q

How long does the Earth’s revolution take to make one full orbit?

A

One year, 365 days

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6
Q

How long does the Earth’s rotation take to fully rotate?

A

1 day, 24 hours

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7
Q

Which is the largest planet?

A

Jupiter

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8
Q

Which is the smallest planet?

A

Mercury

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9
Q

Which planet rotates on its side?

A

Uranus

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10
Q

Which planet appears blue due to methane?

A

Neptune

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11
Q

Which planet has the most notable rings?

A

Saturn

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12
Q

What planet has the greatest gravity?

A

Jupiter

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13
Q

What planet has the largets temperature swings?

A

Mercury

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14
Q

Which planet is the hottest?

A

Venus

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15
Q

Which planet is known as the red planet or rust?

A

Mars

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16
Q

What is three differences of a planet and a star?

A

Planets are smaller, colder, and non-luminous

17
Q

What is the distance from the Earth to the Sun?

A

1 AU (Astronomical unit) or 1.49 x 10^11

18
Q

How old is the universe?

A

~1.38 billion years

19
Q

How long does it take for the light from the sun to reach us?

A

8 minutes

20
Q

Why are images of deep space is looking back in time?

A

Light takes time to travel

21
Q

Life cycle of a small star

A

Stellar nebula, average star, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf

22
Q

Life cycle of a big star

A

Stellar nebula, massive star, red supergiant, supernova, neutron star

23
Q

Whats the life cycle of a largest star?

A

Stellar nebula, massive star, red supergiant, supernova, black hole

24
Q

What is the difference between the apparent magnitude and the absolute magnitude of a star?

A

Apparent magnitude measures how bright a star appears in the night sky. Absolute magnitude measures the brightness of stars if they were all the same distance away from us (~33 ly)

25
Q

When are AUs used to describe distance? When are Light Years used to describe distance?

A

AU’s are usually used to describe distances inside solar systems. ly’s are usually used for larger distances like between stars or galaxies

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