Asthma (Pulmonary) Flashcards
b2-agonists
Example: Albuterol, salmeterol
MOA: Stimulate selectively b2 receptor
–> bronchial SM relaxation
AEs: Tachycardia
– Arrhythmias (overdose)
– Tremor
– Hypokalemia
PK:
SABA: Albuterol
LABA: Salmeterol
–must be combined with ICS
Muscarinic antagonists
Example: Ipratropium, tiotropium
MOA: Blockade of muscarinic receptors on…
– bronchial smooth muscle –> decrease Bronchoconstriction
– secretory glands –> decrease Secretions
AEs: Minimal antimuscarinic adverse effects due to limited absorption (administered by inhalation)
– Dry mouth
– Increased body temp
– red, dry, hot skin
– CNS symptoms
– Decreased accommodation for near vision
PK:
SAMA: Ipratropium
LAMA: Tiotropium
Methylanthines
Example: Theophylline
MOA:
Inhibits PDE in bronchial SM
–> increases cAMP –> increases relaxation of bronchial SM
– Blocks adenosine receptors –> decreases bronchoconstriction
AEs:
N/V
CNS effects: Headache, nervousness, insomnia
Tachycardia, SVT
– Narrow therapeutic index; monitoring of plasma levels is recommended
– Many drug interactions
CysLT1-antagonists
Example: Zafirlukast, montelukast
MOA: Block Leukotriene receptor (CysLT1)
AEs: Neuropsychiatric adverse effects (rare)
LOX-inhibitors
Example: Zileuton
MOA: Inhibits LOX
AEs:
– Hepatotoxicity (must monitor LFT)
– Neuropsychiatric adverse effects (rare)
Glucocorticoids
Example: Fluticasone
MOA: Activate glucocorticoid receptor –> several effects on gene transcription
AEs:
– Oropharyngeal candidiasis
– Throat irritation
– Higher doses: Cushing’s syndrome
Cromolyn
Example: Cromolyn
MOA: Mast cell stabilizer: decreased Release of mediators from mast
cells
AEs: Minimal adverse effects
Anti-IgE-antibodies
Example: Omalizumab
MOA: Monoclonal antibody against IgE –> decreases fixation of IgE on mast cells
AEs:
– Injection-site reactions
– Anaphylaxis (rare)
