Asthma/COPD Flashcards
Asthma is an intermittent airway obstruction due to: (name 3)
- airway hyperresponsiveness
- mucus hypersecretion
- plastic bronchitis
What type of Ig is high in serum levels with asthma? What type of T cells?
IgE
Th2 and Th17
What are the two pharmaceutical approaches to asthma? Give examples of each.
1) Bronchodilation - beta2-AR agonists
2) Immunosuppression - corticosteroids, anti-IgE, anti-leukotrienes
Which cytokine is most important for Th2 and IgE-secreting B cells?
IL-4
Which cytokine favors dev of eosinophils?
IL-5
What cytokine is more important for Th17 cells?
IL-6
What cytokine contributes to goblet cell metaplasia and mast cell dev?
IL-9
What cytokine is an inhibitor of allergic inflammation?
IL-10
What cytokine is the most important mediator of most features of the asthma phenotype?
IL-13
Allergic inflammation and allergic diseases are a response to unregulated _______ activity.
Proteinase
Proteinases induce both ____ and ____ responses that are required for disease expression.
Th2 and Th17
Physiologically, asthma is characterized by the following:
A. Fixed airway obstruction
B. Hyperresponsiveness to methacholine challenge
C. Th2 and Th17 cell-driven allergic airway inflammation
D. Chronic hypoxemia
E. B and C
E
Probable underlying causes of asthma include which of the following?
A. T helper type 2 cells (Th2 cells) B. Environmental proteinases C. Fungi D. Cigarette smoke E. A-C
E
T or F: Allergic inflammation in asthma is maladaptive and a major goal of therapy is to suppress it.
False
What two diseases comprise COPD?
Chronic bronchitis & emphysema
T or F: COPD stops with smoking cessation.
False - it progresses even with cessation of smoking
What are the 4 pharmaceutical approaches to COPD? Give examples of each.
- Brochodilation: beta2-AR agonists and muscarinic ACH receptor antagonists
- Immunosuppression - corticosteroids
- Supplemental O2
- Lung transplants
Physiologically, emphysema is characterized by which of the following:
A. Fixed airway obstruction B. Preserved lung architecture despite marked hypoxemia C. Predominant Th2 cells int he lung D. Loss of lung volume E. Weight gain
A
Potential future therapies for emphysema might include which of the following?
A. Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists B. Glucocorticosteroids C. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-g) agonists D. Insulin E. Smoking cessation intervention
C
Which of the following contribute to the pathogenesis of emphysema?
A. Th2 cells B. IgE and mast cells C. Elastases D. Tree pollens E. Obesity
C
In emphysema, elastin is destroyed by _____ that are induced innately and amplified by adaptive ____ and _____ cell responses.
Elastases
Th1 and Th17
What are two potential new therapies for emphysema?
PPAR-gamma agonists (Rosiglitazone), osteopontin antagonists
What disease has a reversible airway obstruction and which has an irreversible airway obstruction?
Asthma - reversible
Emphysema - irreversible
Which disease involves an autoimmune component?
Emphysema
