Asthma/COPD

Question 1

Asthma is an intermittent airway obstruction due to: (name 3)

Answer 1

• airway hyperresponsiveness
• mucus hypersecretion
• plastic bronchitis

Question 2

What type of Ig is high in serum levels with asthma? What type of T cells?

Answer 2

IgE

Th2 and Th17

Question 3

What are the two pharmaceutical approaches to asthma? Give examples of each.

Answer 3

1) Bronchodilation - beta2-AR agonists

2) Immunosuppression - corticosteroids, anti-IgE, anti-leukotrienes

Question 4

Which cytokine is most important for Th2 and IgE-secreting B cells?

Answer 4

IL-4

Question 5

Which cytokine favors dev of eosinophils?

Answer 5

IL-5

Question 6

What cytokine is more important for Th17 cells?

Answer 6

IL-6

Question 7

What cytokine contributes to goblet cell metaplasia and mast cell dev?

Answer 7

IL-9

Question 8

What cytokine is an inhibitor of allergic inflammation?

Answer 8

IL-10

Question 9

What cytokine is the most important mediator of most features of the asthma phenotype?

Answer 9

IL-13

Question 10

Allergic inflammation and allergic diseases are a response to unregulated _______ activity.

Answer 10

Proteinase

Question 11

Proteinases induce both ____ and ____ responses that are required for disease expression.

Answer 11

Th2 and Th17

Question 12

Physiologically, asthma is characterized by the following:
A. Fixed airway obstruction
B. Hyperresponsiveness to methacholine challenge
C. Th2 and Th17 cell-driven allergic airway inflammation
D. Chronic hypoxemia
E. B and C

Answer 12

E

Question 13

Probable underlying causes of asthma include which of the following?

A. T helper type 2 cells (Th2 cells)
B. Environmental proteinases
C. Fungi
D. Cigarette smoke
E. A-C

Answer 13

E

Question 14

T or F: Allergic inflammation in asthma is maladaptive and a major goal of therapy is to suppress it.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What two diseases comprise COPD?

Answer 15

Chronic bronchitis & emphysema

Question 16

T or F: COPD stops with smoking cessation.

Answer 16

False - it progresses even with cessation of smoking

Question 17

What are the 4 pharmaceutical approaches to COPD? Give examples of each.

Answer 17

1. Brochodilation: beta2-AR agonists and muscarinic ACH receptor antagonists
2. Immunosuppression - corticosteroids
3. Supplemental O2
4. Lung transplants

Question 18

Physiologically, emphysema is characterized by which of the following:

A. Fixed airway obstruction
B. Preserved lung architecture despite marked hypoxemia
C. Predominant Th2 cells int he lung
D. Loss of lung volume
E. Weight gain

Answer 18

A

Question 19

Potential future therapies for emphysema might include which of the following?

A. Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists
B. Glucocorticosteroids
C. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-g) agonists
D. Insulin
E. Smoking cessation intervention

Answer 19

C

Question 20

Which of the following contribute to the pathogenesis of emphysema?

A. Th2 cells
B. IgE and mast cells
C. Elastases
D. Tree pollens
E. Obesity

Answer 20

C

Question 21

In emphysema, elastin is destroyed by _____ that are induced innately and amplified by adaptive ____ and _____ cell responses.

Answer 21

Elastases

Th1 and Th17

Question 22

What are two potential new therapies for emphysema?

Answer 22

PPAR-gamma agonists (Rosiglitazone), osteopontin antagonists

Question 23

What disease has a reversible airway obstruction and which has an irreversible airway obstruction?

Answer 23

Asthma - reversible

Emphysema - irreversible

Question 24

Which disease involves an autoimmune component?

Answer 24

Emphysema