Asthma and COPD Treatment Flashcards
What receptors does epinephrine act on?
B1, B2 and A agonist
What receptors does ephedrine act on?
agonist of B1, B2 and some A
What receptors does isoproterenol act on?
agonist of B1 and B2
What effect do sympathomimetics have on cAMP levels?
they increase cAMP
What effect does theophyline have on cAMP and how does it achieve this?
it increases cAMP levels by inhibiting PDE, which would normally break down cAMP. Increased cAMP leads to bronchodilation.
What is the mechanism of atropine? Major side effects? Indications?
atropine is a muscarinic receptor antagonist. Competitively inhibits Ach from binding to Mu. Reduces airway smooth msucle constricion, decreases mucus secretion and enhances B2-mediated bronchodilation.
Can cause pulilary dilation and cycloplegia if it gets in the eyes.
Used to treat COPD
What is ipratropium? Major side effects? Indications?
Ipratropium is a muscarinic receptor antagonist. Competitively inhibits Ach from binding to Mu. Reduces airway smooth msucle constricion, decreases mucus secretion and enhances B2-mediated bronchodilation.
Can cause pulilary dilation and cycloplegia if it gets in the eyes.
Used to treat COPD
What is the mechanism of theophylline? Side effects?
methylxanthine that increases cAMP levels, blocks adenosine receptors, inhibits release of inflamm mediators, boosts diaphragm muscle strength, and causes bronchodilation.
Increases Gastric acid secretion and has CV effects. Can cause kypokalemia, hyperglycemia and seizures at high doses.
What is the mehcanism of cromolyn? Side effects?
alters activity of Cl channels and inhibits degranulation of mast cells in the lung. Inhibits eosinophil inflam reaction and inhibits cough reflex.
Has poor taste and can cause tracheal irritation, hyptension, arrhythmias, CNS depresssion, seizures and anorexia.
What is the mechanism of zileuton? Side effects?
inhibits leukotriene synthesis. Decreass smooth muscle contraction and vessel permeability.
Causes hepatic enzyme elevation (must do LFTs).
What is the mechanism of omalizumab? Side effects?
Binds to IgE to reduce inflamm response. Good for long term asthma control.
Can cause serious allergic reactions and CV problems.
What sort of drugs are contraindicated in airway disease patients?
sedatives, Beta blockers, aspirin and cyclooxygenase inhibitors, ACE inhibitors and epinephrine
