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Pharm > Asthma and COPD > Flashcards

Asthma and COPD Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 different delivery formulations for asthma

A

MDI, Dry powder inhalers (DPI), and nebulizers

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2
Q

This inhaler technique reduces oropharngeal deposition, minimizes importance of timing, and improves distal delivery

A

MDI with spacer

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3
Q

What is the difference of breathing technique with MDI and DPI

A

with MDI, you inhale slowly and deeply and with DPI you inhale deeply and quickly

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4
Q

What should you do after you inhale a corticosteroid

A

Rinse your mouth (can lead to oral thrush)

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5
Q

what is the pathogenesis of asthma

A

allergy mediated response (IgE)

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6
Q

What are the goals for asthma treatment

A

relax the airways, reduce inflammation, and reduce mucus secretion

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7
Q

This type of asthma medicine is short-acting medicine used to treat symptoms after they have started

A

Rescue medicine

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8
Q

This type of asthma medicine is long-acting medicine used to prevent symptoms before they start

A

Controller medicine

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9
Q

Can controller medicine be used as a rescue medicine

A

NO

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10
Q

What do B2 agonist do

A

Relax the airway SM

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11
Q

Besides relaxing the SM in the airways, what else do B2 agonists do (5 things)

A

Decrease plasma exudation, decrease cholinergic neurotransmission, increase mucocillary clearance, decrease neutrophil function, and decrease bacterial adherence

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12
Q

What is the MOA for B2 Agonists

A

Work through adenylate cyclase to increase cyclic AMP, leading to SM relaxation

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13
Q

What is the onset for Short-acing Beta agonist (SABA)

A

10 min

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14
Q

What is the peak of SABA

A

30 min

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15
Q

What is the duration of SABA

A

3-6 hours

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16
Q

How can SABA be administered

A

MDI, HFA, or nebulizer

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17
Q

What are the side effects of SABA

A

tremor, hypokalemia, and tachycardia

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18
Q

Name the two SABA drugs

A

Albuterol and Levalbuterol

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19
Q

What is the onset of Long-acting Beta agonist (LABA)

A

30 min

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20
Q

What is the peak of LABA

A

3 hours

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21
Q

What is the duration of LABA

A

12 hours

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22
Q

How can LABA be administered

A

dry powder

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23
Q

What are the side effects of LABA

A

headache and throat irritation

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24
Q

Name the 4 LABA

A

salmeterol, Formoterol, Indaceterol, Olodaterol

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25
Q

What type of asthma drug has a black box warning

A

LABA (not indicated for use as a single agent in asthma; increase risk of death if used alone)

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26
Q

Why can’t LABA be used alone as a controller medicine

A

BC it can lead to down regulation of B2 receptors

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27
Q

What is the MOA of anticholinergics

A

Block M3 receptors on SM cells, inhibiting bronchoconstriction

28
Q

What is the onset of anticholinergics

A

15 min

29
Q

What is the peak of anticholinergics

A

1-2 hours

30
Q

what is the duration of a short acting anticholinergic

A

2-5 hrs

31
Q

what is the duration of a long acting anticholinergic

A

24 hours

32
Q

How can an anticholinergic be administered

A

MDI, nebulizer, Handihaler, Pressair

33
Q

What patients should you not used an anticholinergic on

A

COPD or older patients with glaucoma and prostate hypertrophy

34
Q

Ipratropium

A

Short acting anticholinergic

35
Q

Tiotropium

A

Long acting anticholinergic

36
Q

Aclidinium

A

long acting anticholinergic

37
Q

umeclidinium

A

long acting anticholinergic

38
Q

DuoNeb

A

combined anticholinergic and beta agonist

39
Q

What side effect will you see with duoneb

A

cotton mouth or urinary retention

40
Q

What is the MOA of corticosteroids

A

alter gene transcription leading to less inflammation

41
Q

what is the onset of corticosteroids

A

5-8 hrs

42
Q

what is the duration of corticosteroids

A

6-24 hours

43
Q

How can corticosteroids be administered

A

Inhaled, oral or IV

44
Q

What are the side effects of corticosteroids

A

pneumonia, oral thrush, osteoporosis, cataracts, voice change

45
Q

Fluticasone

A

Corticosteroid

46
Q

Budesonide

A

Corticosteroid

47
Q

Beclomethasone

A

Corticosteroid

48
Q

Mometasone

A

Corticosteroid

49
Q

What kind of patients are leukotriene inhibitors important for

A

allergic asthmatics

50
Q

What is the MOA of leukotriene inhibitors

A

either block LTE receptors or inhibit synthesis of leukotrienes

51
Q

What is the specific MOA of zileuton

A

inhibit synthesis of leukotrienes

52
Q

what is the specific MOA of montelukast

A

Block LTE receptors

53
Q

What is the MOA of methylxanthines

A

PDE inhibition (increase cAMP), inhibits adenosine, histone deacetylase activation

54
Q

What is an important side effect of methylxanthines

A

seizures (must follow levels)

55
Q

Omalizumab

A

Anti-IgE medications

56
Q

Mepolizumab

A

Anti-IL5

57
Q

What is the cornerstone of therapy for asthma

A

Inhaled corticosteroids

58
Q

What is the first line agent for control of COPD

A

LABA or anticholinergic

59
Q

PDE4 inhibitors MOA

A

increase cAMP leading to anti-inflammatory effects

60
Q

Roflumilast

A

PDE4 inhibitor (severe COPD)

61
Q

Anticholinergic drugs end in

A

ium (ipratropium, tiotropium)

62
Q

corticosteroid drugs end in

A

sone (prednisone, fluticasone)

63
Q

Which disease needs LABA in combination with inhaled corticosteroids

A

asthma

64
Q

Which drugs should be used with caution in those with glaucoma or prostate issues

A

inhaled anticholinergics

65
Q

Which drug has significant side effects and blood levels must be monitored

A

theophylline

66
Q

which drugs are the first line controller medication for COPD

A

Long acting anticholinergics or LABA

Pharm (8 decks)

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