asthma/allergy Flashcards
What are the short acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists?
- Albuterol
- Terbutaline
- Metaproterenol
- Bitolterol
What are the long acting beta 2 selective agonists?
- salmeterol
- formoterol
- vilanterol
What is the mechanism of action for beta 2 selective agonists?
- stimulate adenylyl cyclase
- increase cAMP in smooth muscle
- Increased cAMP results in bronchodilation
What are the main side effects of bronchodilators?
- skeletal muscle tremors
- tachycardia
- anxiety, restlessness, apprehension
What is theophylline?
a long acting bronchodilator with a narrow therapeutic window that inhibits phosphodiesterase
What are the muscarinic antagonists? What is their unusual side effect?
Ipratropium and tiotropium
Atropine like
How do the muscarinic antagonists work?
They competitivey block muscarinic receptors which inhibits acetylcholine, preventing bronchoconstriction.
What are the corticosteroids?
Inhalation: 1. beclomethasone 2. flunisolide 3. flucitasone 4. momentasone 5. triamcinolone Oral: prednisone IV: methylprednisolone
How do corticosteroids work?
reduce the synthesis of arachidonic acid by inhibiting phospholipase A2 activity, thereby inhibiting the synethesis of leukotrienes and prostaglandins
Cromolyn mechanism
decrease the release of mediators
What are the leukotriene antagonists?
montelukast, zafirlukast (antagonists to LT receptors) and zileuton (inhibitor of 5-lipoxtgenase).
What is the mechanism of leukotriene antagonists?
open narrowed airways, decrease inflammation, decrease mucous production
What asthma treatments are used for young children?
Cromolyn sodium and second generation antihistamines
What are the second generation antihistamines?
loratadine, certirizine, fexofenadine
What treatments are used for allergies in older children and adults?
second generation oral antihistamine, antihistamine nasal spray, glucocorticoid nasal spray, cromolyn nasal spray
