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Patho > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

Are asthma rates consistent throughout the provinces?

A

No, highest in Atlantic, lowest in BC and Prairie Provinces

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2
Q

What type of reaction is asthma?

A

A hypersensitivity reaction

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3
Q

What can low birthweight and RDS contribute to?

A

Childhood asthma

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4
Q

True or false: obesity, hormonal influences contribute to adult onset asthma.

A

True

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5
Q

Are asthma episodes reversible

A

yes, typically with or without medication

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6
Q

Atopic/ allergy asthma is known as what?

A

Extrinsic asthma

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7
Q

Type 1 IgE mediated hypersensitivity reaction describes what?

A

Extrinsic asthma

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8
Q

Cold air, hyperventilation, hormonal changes and GERD lead to what kind of asthma?

A

Intrinsic asthma

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9
Q

What is a key feature of asthma?

A

Epithelial cell activation and injury of the bronchi

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10
Q

In what phase of asthma does the allergen bind to performed IgE on sensitized mast cells on mucosal surface on airways?

A

Early phase, within 10-20 minutes and can last up to 2 hours

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11
Q

What cell in the early phase of asthma is responsible for releasing histamine, chemotactic chemokines, leukotrienes, PG D2, cytokines and PAF?

A

Mast cell activation

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12
Q

What causes the recruitment of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, T lymphocytes in the _ phase of asthma?

A
  • late phase

- the release of inflammatory mediators in the early phase

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13
Q

What causes epithelial injury, edema, increase mucus and changes in mucociliary function?

A

inflammatory cells

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14
Q

What causes an increase in migration and activation of inflammation in asthma?

A

Cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-4,5

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15
Q

What role do T Lymphocytes (TH2) play in asthma?

A

Skewed to be pro-inflammation so they further direct the release of inflammatory mediators.

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16
Q

What cell acts directly on smooth muscle causing constriction in the early phase of asthma?

A

Histamine

17
Q

What cells stimulate the increase in mucus production?

A

Leukotrienes

18
Q

In mucus hypersecretion: _ cell hyperplasia and _ gland hypertrophy

A
  • goblet cell

- submucosal

19
Q

Th2 release _ and _ that lead to upregulation of mucus production in asthmatic patients

A
  • IL9 and IL-13
20
Q

True or false: Airway remodeling is very helpful in asthma for patients to be able to return to 80% of their FEV

A

False, airway remodeling is not something good

21
Q

The increase in deposition of _ and other proteins lead to thickening of the lamina reticularis with _ fibrosis and _ vascularity in the airwar wall contributing to _

A

collagen, subepithelial, increased

22
Q

_ and _ caused by mismatch of ventilation and perfusion

A

hypercapnia and hypoxemia

23
Q

What are common symptoms of an asthma attack?

A

dyspnea, SOB, cough, chest tightness, cough, wheezing

24
Q

True or false: upon auscultation of lungs of a patient with an asthma exacerbation it is common to hear crackles

A

True, indicates a deep tissue infection

25
Q

What type of vital signs would you expect to see a patient having an asthma attack?

A

tachypnea, tachycardia, hypoxemia

26
Q

Normal values of: pH_, pCO2, HCO3

A
  • pH 7.35-7.45
  • pCO2 35-45
  • HCO3 22-26
27
Q

Initial lab values would show an asthmatic patient having respiratory _ with hyperventilation and +/-_ if left untreated can lead to +

A
  • alkalosis, hypoxemia

- acidosis, hypoxemia

28
Q

_ offers the single most objective measurement of lung function available

A

spirometry

29
Q

_shows how controlled a patient’s asthma is and if it is getting worse

A

peak flow monitor

30
Q

what type of test alerts us that the patient needs to administer a SABA

A

peak flow monitor

31
Q

What medication would we administer for quick relief that may cause tachycardia?

A

SABA (albuterol)[ventolin]

32
Q

What is an alternative to SABA?

A

Anticholinergic

33
Q

What is a third line reliever that is not able to stop/reverse the acute phase of asthma?

A

systemic corticosteroids (prednisone) NSAID

34
Q

Which LABA is co-administered with a corticosteriod?

A

salmeterol (servent)

35
Q

What long term control medication would we administer to stabilize mast cells?

A

cromolyn (intal)

36
Q

Which long term control medication would we give for atopic asthma? Blocks IgE

A

Omalizumab (xolair)

Patho (4 decks)

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