Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

what are 2 types of parasympathetic stimulation of airways and what do they do?

A

1) cholinergic post ganglionic fibres- muscle contraction + more mucous
2) non cholinergic (Nitric Oxide): relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

effect of sympathetic innervation

A

1) indirect relaxation by adrenaline
2) less mucous
3) > mucociliary clearance
4) blood vessel contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how does contraction happen in smooth muscle

A

ca+-calmodulin-> active MLCK (myosin light chain kinase)-> myosin cross bridge bound to actin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what can cause asthma attacks/ make worse

A

allergens, exercise, resp infections, smoke, dust, pollutants, beta blockers, NSAIDs, the cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what changes to airways happen because of chronic asthma

A

1) > smooth muscle,
2) accumulation of interstitial fluid (oedema),
3) > mucous,
4) sub epithelial fibrosis,
5) epithelial damage exposing nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

asthma effect on Peak flow

A

reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hyper responsiveness=

A

hyper sensitivity + hyper reactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how allergens trigger an asthma response

A

1) Allergen
2) MHC class 2 presents antigen to CD4 T cell.
3) CD 4 -> Th0-> Th2-> B cells, mast cells + eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do mast cells do to cause early and late phases of asthma attack

A

-Activated by interleukins from TH2
-release inflammatory substances, 2 effects
1/ EARLY) histamine-> bronchospasm
2/LATE) chemokines-> EOSINOPHILS activation-> bronchospasm, wheezing, mucous over secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do B cells activate

A

Plasma cells that release antibodies- IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What drugs can be used as asthma relievers

A

SABAs
LABAs
CysLT receptor antagonists
Methylxanthines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What drugs can be used as asthma preventers

A

Glucocorticoids
Cromoglicate
Antibodies
Methylxanthines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

SABA effects

A

1) Effects of sympathetic adrenaline (indirect relaxation by adrenaline, less mucous, > mucociliary clearance)
2) Salbutamol tremor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

LABA uses

A

Not for acute relief
nocturnal use
not used alone
always administered with glucocorticoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are contraindications

A

situations where there are harmful effects of drug is shouldn’t be used.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

problem with non selective LABA

A

cause bronchospasm

17
Q

types of SABA

A

salbutamol/ albuterol,

terbutaline

18
Q

types of LABA

A

salmeterol, formoterol

19
Q

types of Cys leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

montelukast, zafirlukast

20
Q

CysLT receptor antagonist uses

A

oral, effective for allergen and exercise induced asthma

21
Q

Methylxanthine uses

A

acute + long term,
weak bronchodilator, has side effects at therapeutic doses.
inhibits mast cell mediator release.
*in coffee

22
Q

2 Corticosteroids (steroid hormones) types with drug examples

A

glucocorticoids- cortisol (hydrocortisone) + BECLOMETASONE, BUDESONIDE, FLUTICASONE,
PREDNISOLONE
mineralocorticoids (not wanted for inflammation treatment)- aldosterone

23
Q

where and how do glucocorticoids act

A

are lipophilic, so go through plasmalemma and into nucleus where they activate + repress certain genes. They repress by recruiting deactelyases which stop acetylation which unwinds dna for transcription.
= < Th2

24
Q

glucocoticosteroid use

A

not for acute treatment but mainstay in prophylaxis of asthma= big preventer.
can be used for chronic, severe or rapidly deteriorating asthma

25
Q

Cromone example

A

sodium cromoglicate

26
Q

Cromone use

A

prophylactic, frequent dosing can reduce both phases of asthma attack

27
Q

Antibody example

A

omalizumab- IgE

mepolizumab- IL5

28
Q

types of asthma

A

Early onset / late onset
Atopic / non-atopic
Extrinsic / Intrinsic

29
Q

what does airway remodelling look like

A

thickened basmeent membrane,
submucosa collage deposition,
smooth muscle hypertrophy

30
Q

asthma triad

A

Reversible obstruction,

inflammation and hyper responsiveness of airways- ice berg

31
Q

asthma symptoms

A 
diurnal variability, 
non productive cough 
WHEEZE, 
atopy- rhinitis, eczema 
blood eosinophilia >4% 
fam history 
spirometry- fev1/fvc <75%
32
Q

types of ultra-LABA

A

indacaterol, olodaterol, vilanterol

Respiratory (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions