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Respiratory Drugs > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs used in asthma

A

Bronchodilators
Anti-inflammatory
Leukotriene modifiers

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2
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Beta agonists
Antimiscarinic agents
Methylxanthines

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3
Q

Anti-inflammatory agents

A

Corticosteroids

Mast cell stabilizers

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4
Q

Leukotriene modifiers

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonists

Lipoxygenase inhibitor

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5
Q

MOA of beta agonists

A

Stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors

Activate adenyl cyclase

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6
Q

Non selective adrenergics

A

Epinephrine

Ephedrine

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7
Q

Non selective beta adrenergic which is a bronchodilator and cardiac stimulant

A

Isoproterenol

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8
Q

Adverse effect of isoproterenol

A

Cardiac arrhythmias

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9
Q

DOC for ACUTE asthma

A

Selective beta-agonists

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10
Q

Adverse effects if beta agonists

A

Tachyphylaxis

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11
Q

Loss of drug response over time

A

Tachyphylaxis

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12
Q

Rapid onset, short duration

A

Salbutamol
Terbutaline
Fenoterol

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13
Q

Slow onset, long duration

A

Salmeterol

Bambuterol

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14
Q

Rapid onset, long duration

A

Formoterol

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15
Q

Medium potency bronchodilators

Narrow therapeutic index

A

Methylxanthines

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16
Q

MOA of methylxanthines

A

Increase cAMP by inhibition of phosphodiesterase

Inhibition of adenosine receptor

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17
Q

MOA of anticholinergics

A

Inhibit acetylcholine effects by blocking M2 RECEPTOR which leads to BRONCHODILATION

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18
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Atropine sulfate
Ipratropium bromide
Glycopyrrolate

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19
Q

No use in the treatment if acute asthma attacks

A

Mast cell stabilizers

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20
Q

Most effective anti-inflammatories for asthma

A

Inhaled Corticosteroids

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21
Q

Systemic corticosteroids are for

A

Status asthmaticus

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22
Q

Common first-line therapy for moderate to severe asthma

A

Inhaled corticosteroids

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23
Q

Precautions of inhaled corticosteroids

A

Oral thrush

Retardation of growth in children

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24
Q

Potent neutrophil chemoattractant

A

LTB4

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25
A clinical syndrome comprising severe asthma associated with vasculitis
Churg-Strauss syndrome
26
inihibits 5lipoxygenase thereby preventing leukotriene synthesis
Lipoxygenase inhibitor
27
Other drugs for asthma
Calcium channel blockers Nitric oxide donora Potassium channel openers: Cromokalim OMALIZUMAB
28
Prevents binding of gE to mast cells preventing degranulation (prophylaxis)
Omalizumab
29
Humanized murine monoclonal antibody
Omalizumab
30
Preferred treatment for asthma in young children
Inhaled corticosteroids
31
Alternative for asthma in young children
Montelukast and cromolyn
32
Adults may develop _________ with inhaled corticosteroids
Weak bones
33
COPD is preventable by avoiding
Precipitating factors
34
Permanent abnormal enlargement of the air sacs distal to the terminal bronchiole with destruction of alveolar septa and attachments to the bronchial walls
Emphysema
35
Emphysema results to the
Breakdown of elastin by proteases
36
Excessive tracheobronchial mucus production | Inflammation of the major and small airways
Chronic bronchitis
37
Primary factor of COPD
Smoking
38
Genetic factor that may cause COPD
Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
39
Supplement therapy includes
Pulmonary rehabilitation | Oxygen therapy
40
Mainstay treatment for COPD
Bronchodilators
41
Added to drug regimen after an unsuccessful trial of ipratropium bromide and B2 agonists
Theophylline
42
Added to the drug regimen after maximal ipratropium bromide and B2 agonist therapy Reduce airway inflammation
Corticosteroids
43
As a result of asthma, more energy is needed for ventilation, requiring accessory muscles called
Sternocleidomastoid
44
A severe condition in which asthma attacks follow one another without pause
Status asthmaticus
45
For ACUTE ASTHMA ATTACKS | Provide prompt relief
Bronchodilators
46
Most important sympathomimetics which reverse asthmatic bronchoconstriction
Beta agonists
47
Beta agonists are given by
Inhalation
48
MOA of beta agonists
Stimulate beta adrenergic receptors | Activate adenyl cyclase
49
Adverse effects of epinephrine
Tachycardia Arrhythmias Worsenig of angina pectoris
50
Chest pain or discomfort die to coronary heart disease
Angina pectoris
51
Used infrequently due to the advent of selective beta agonists
Ephedrine
52
Systemic adverse effects of atropine sulfate
Urinary retention Loss of visual accommodation Agitation Tachycardia
53
Quaternary anmonium derivative of atropine sulfate but is more preferred due to lesser adverse affects
Ipratropium bromide
54
Ipratropium bromide is not indicated as initial treatment for bronchospasm because it can cause
Prostatic hypertrophy | Glaucoma
55
Used in combination with beta agonists for SEVERE ACUTE ASTHMA
Glycopyrrolate
56
Methylxanthines
Aminophylline Oxtriphylline Theophylline
57
MOA of Mast Cell Stabilizers
Inhibit mast cell DEGRANULATION
58
Mast cesll stabilizers in asthma are only for
Prophylaxis
59
MOA of Corticosteroids
Inhibits: 1) phospholipase A2 -> inhibits reduce arachidonic acid 2) COX-2 expression 3) leukotriene production 4) cytokine
60
Most frequently used corticosteroids
Prednisone PO
61
Systemic corticosteroids
Hydrocortisone IV Prednisone PO Prednisolone IV Methylprednisone IV
62
Contraindications of SYSTEMIC CORTICOSTEROIDS
Immunosuppression Systemic fungal infections Positive of candida
63
Sustemic effects of inhaled corticosteroids
Osteoporosis Skin changes Change in adrenal function Cataract formation
64
To prevent oral thrush, use
Spacer or | Holding chamber
65
Newest anti-inflammatory agents used in asthma
Leukotriene antagonists
66
LTC4 and LTD4 causes
Bronchoconstriction Increased bronchial reactivity Mucos edema Mucus hypersecretion
67
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Zafirlukast and Montelukast
68
MOA of leukotriene receptor antagonists
Prevent leukotrienes from interacting with their receptors
69
Zafirlukast is a ______ receptor antagonist | Dose:
LTD4 | 20mg twice daily
70
Dose of zileuton
600 mg 4x a day
71
Calcium channel blockers
Verapamil | Nifedipine
72
Other drug for asthma that inhibit airway hyperactivity
Potassium channel openers: Cromakalim
73
Omalizumab is given __________ one or two times a month
Parenterally
74
When taking inhaled corticosteroids, older adults should also take
Calcium and vit D pills

Respiratory Drugs (4 decks)

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