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Respiratory Drugs > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs used in asthma

A

Bronchodilators
Anti-inflammatory
Leukotriene modifiers

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2
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Beta agonists
Antimiscarinic agents
Methylxanthines

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3
Q

Anti-inflammatory agents

A

Corticosteroids

Mast cell stabilizers

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4
Q

Leukotriene modifiers

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonists

Lipoxygenase inhibitor

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5
Q

MOA of beta agonists

A

Stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors

Activate adenyl cyclase

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6
Q

Non selective adrenergics

A

Epinephrine

Ephedrine

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7
Q

Non selective beta adrenergic which is a bronchodilator and cardiac stimulant

A

Isoproterenol

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8
Q

Adverse effect of isoproterenol

A

Cardiac arrhythmias

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9
Q

DOC for ACUTE asthma

A

Selective beta-agonists

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10
Q

Adverse effects if beta agonists

A

Tachyphylaxis

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11
Q

Loss of drug response over time

A

Tachyphylaxis

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12
Q

Rapid onset, short duration

A

Salbutamol
Terbutaline
Fenoterol

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13
Q

Slow onset, long duration

A

Salmeterol

Bambuterol

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14
Q

Rapid onset, long duration

A

Formoterol

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15
Q

Medium potency bronchodilators

Narrow therapeutic index

A

Methylxanthines

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16
Q

MOA of methylxanthines

A

Increase cAMP by inhibition of phosphodiesterase

Inhibition of adenosine receptor

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17
Q

MOA of anticholinergics

A

Inhibit acetylcholine effects by blocking M2 RECEPTOR which leads to BRONCHODILATION

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18
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Atropine sulfate
Ipratropium bromide
Glycopyrrolate

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19
Q

No use in the treatment if acute asthma attacks

A

Mast cell stabilizers

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20
Q

Most effective anti-inflammatories for asthma

A

Inhaled Corticosteroids

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21
Q

Systemic corticosteroids are for

A

Status asthmaticus

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22
Q

Common first-line therapy for moderate to severe asthma

A

Inhaled corticosteroids

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23
Q

Precautions of inhaled corticosteroids

A

Oral thrush

Retardation of growth in children

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24
Q

Potent neutrophil chemoattractant

A

LTB4

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25
Q

A clinical syndrome comprising severe asthma associated with vasculitis

A

Churg-Strauss syndrome

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26
Q

inihibits 5lipoxygenase thereby preventing leukotriene synthesis

A

Lipoxygenase inhibitor

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27
Q

Other drugs for asthma

A

Calcium channel blockers
Nitric oxide donora
Potassium channel openers: Cromokalim
OMALIZUMAB

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28
Q

Prevents binding of gE to mast cells preventing degranulation (prophylaxis)

A

Omalizumab

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29
Q

Humanized murine monoclonal antibody

A

Omalizumab

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30
Q

Preferred treatment for asthma in young children

A

Inhaled corticosteroids

31
Q

Alternative for asthma in young children

A

Montelukast and cromolyn

32
Q

Adults may develop _________ with inhaled corticosteroids

A

Weak bones

33
Q

COPD is preventable by avoiding

A

Precipitating factors

34
Q

Permanent abnormal enlargement of the air sacs distal to the terminal bronchiole with destruction of alveolar septa and attachments to the bronchial walls

A

Emphysema

35
Q

Emphysema results to the

A

Breakdown of elastin by proteases

36
Q

Excessive tracheobronchial mucus production

Inflammation of the major and small airways

A

Chronic bronchitis

37
Q

Primary factor of COPD

A

Smoking

38
Q

Genetic factor that may cause COPD

A

Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency

39
Q

Supplement therapy includes

A

Pulmonary rehabilitation

Oxygen therapy

40
Q

Mainstay treatment for COPD

A

Bronchodilators

41
Q

Added to drug regimen after an unsuccessful trial of ipratropium bromide and B2 agonists

A

Theophylline

42
Q

Added to the drug regimen after maximal ipratropium bromide and B2 agonist therapy
Reduce airway inflammation

A

Corticosteroids

43
Q

As a result of asthma, more energy is needed for ventilation, requiring accessory muscles called

A

Sternocleidomastoid

44
Q

A severe condition in which asthma attacks follow one another without pause

A

Status asthmaticus

45
Q

For ACUTE ASTHMA ATTACKS

Provide prompt relief

A

Bronchodilators

46
Q

Most important sympathomimetics which reverse asthmatic bronchoconstriction

A

Beta agonists

47
Q

Beta agonists are given by

A

Inhalation

48
Q

MOA of beta agonists

A

Stimulate beta adrenergic receptors

Activate adenyl cyclase

49
Q

Adverse effects of epinephrine

A

Tachycardia
Arrhythmias
Worsenig of angina pectoris

50
Q

Chest pain or discomfort die to coronary heart disease

A

Angina pectoris

51
Q

Used infrequently due to the advent of selective beta agonists

A

Ephedrine

52
Q

Systemic adverse effects of atropine sulfate

A

Urinary retention
Loss of visual accommodation
Agitation
Tachycardia

53
Q

Quaternary anmonium derivative of atropine sulfate but is more preferred due to lesser adverse affects

A

Ipratropium bromide

54
Q

Ipratropium bromide is not indicated as initial treatment for bronchospasm because it can cause

A

Prostatic hypertrophy

Glaucoma

55
Q

Used in combination with beta agonists for SEVERE ACUTE ASTHMA

A

Glycopyrrolate

56
Q

Methylxanthines

A

Aminophylline
Oxtriphylline
Theophylline

57
Q

MOA of Mast Cell Stabilizers

A

Inhibit mast cell DEGRANULATION

58
Q

Mast cesll stabilizers in asthma are only for

A

Prophylaxis

59
Q

MOA of Corticosteroids

A

Inhibits:

1) phospholipase A2 -> inhibits reduce arachidonic acid
2) COX-2 expression
3) leukotriene production
4) cytokine

60
Q

Most frequently used corticosteroids

A

Prednisone PO

61
Q

Systemic corticosteroids

A

Hydrocortisone IV
Prednisone PO
Prednisolone IV
Methylprednisone IV

62
Q

Contraindications of SYSTEMIC CORTICOSTEROIDS

A

Immunosuppression
Systemic fungal infections
Positive of candida

63
Q

Sustemic effects of inhaled corticosteroids

A

Osteoporosis
Skin changes
Change in adrenal function
Cataract formation

64
Q

To prevent oral thrush, use

A

Spacer or

Holding chamber

65
Q

Newest anti-inflammatory agents used in asthma

A

Leukotriene antagonists

66
Q

LTC4 and LTD4 causes

A

Bronchoconstriction
Increased bronchial reactivity
Mucos edema
Mucus hypersecretion

67
Q

Leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

Zafirlukast and Montelukast

68
Q

MOA of leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

Prevent leukotrienes from interacting with their receptors

69
Q

Zafirlukast is a ______ receptor antagonist

Dose:

A

LTD4

20mg twice daily

70
Q

Dose of zileuton

A

600 mg 4x a day

71
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Verapamil

Nifedipine

72
Q

Other drug for asthma that inhibit airway hyperactivity

A

Potassium channel openers: Cromakalim

73
Q

Omalizumab is given __________ one or two times a month

A

Parenterally

74
Q

When taking inhaled corticosteroids, older adults should also take

A

Calcium and vit D pills

Respiratory Drugs (4 decks)

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