asthma

Question 1

asthma

Answer 1

is an obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by diffuse of bronchospams that in many cases occurs in response to various stimuli

Question 2

stable asthma

Answer 2

patient may be with out symptoms for period of 4 weeks

Question 3

during asthma attack

Answer 3

patient experiences symptoms but usually are reversible

Question 4

status asthmaticus

Answer 4

an asthma attack which does not respond to conventional treatment

Question 5

extrinsic asthma

Answer 5

antigen anitbody or enviromental irritant response
patient responds to external stimuli
cause include: house dust mites, cock roach dropping, animal danders, pollins

Question 6

intrinsic asthma

Answer 6

patient expireinces symptoms without antigen and many patients have emotional trigger
some cause can be sulfur dioxide, oxidants, dust/smoke, cigarette smoke

Question 7

inflammation

Answer 7

largely untreated
the body responds to allergens with inflammation including the airway
besides the inflammatory response various mediator are often release

Question 8

bronchospam

Answer 8

smooth muscle constrict in the airway

Question 9

mucous production

Answer 9

excessive mucous and resulting in plugging of the airway

Question 10

net resulting

Answer 10

v/q mismatch
increased work of breathing
air trapping

Question 11

physical inspection

Answer 11

tachypnea
use of accessory muscle
prolonged expiratory phase
increase a-p diameter 
may also see retraction

Question 12

ausculation

Answer 12

decrease breath sound

wheezing

Question 13

percussion

Answer 13

hyperresonance

Question 14

chest x-ray

Answer 14

hyperinflation
flatted diaphragm
rule out complication: pneumonia, atelecatsis, pneumothorax

Question 15

pft

Answer 15

decrease fev1 during attack

methacholine challenge test diagnostic if 20 % decrease in FEV1

Question 16

abgs

Answer 16

the patient may be hypocapnic early during an attack and become hypercapniac later

Question 17

in acute phase use what?

Answer 17

beta agonist
corticosteriod(IV)
oxygen therapy

Question 18

long term management

Answer 18

inhaled corticostreriod
chromyl sodium
oral prednisone
also beta agonist
treat any other underlying problem such as sinus disease