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3J - CC2 (1ST SEM: PRELIMS) > AST ALT ALP ACP > Flashcards

AST ALT ALP ACP Flashcards

1
Q

Coenzyme of AST, ALT

A

Pyridoxal phosphate

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2
Q

AST tissue sources

A

Cardiac tissue
Liver tissue
Skeletal muscle

Small amounts in:
Kidney
pancreas
erythrocytes

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3
Q

ALT tissue sources

A

Liver

Small amounts in
Pancreas
Heart
Erythrocytes
Kidney
Skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Significantly increased in disorders producing cellular necrosis

A

Mitochondrial isoenzyme

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5
Q

More present in plasma during hepatocellular injury since it is the one being released

A

Cytoplasmic isoenzyme

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6
Q

With membrane injury as in viral or chemically induced hepatitis, these enzymes are released and enter the sinusoids, raising plasma AST and ALT activities

A

Cytoplasmic AST and ALT

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7
Q

Mitochondrial AST is released when ?

A

Mitochondrial injury, caused by ethanol in alcoholic hepatitis

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8
Q

Increased in hepatobiliary disease

A

Alkaline phosphatase

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9
Q

AST is limited limited mainly to the evaluation of ? and ?

A

hepatocellular disorders

skeletal muscle involvement

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10
Q

ALT is confined mainly to the evaluation of ?

A

confined mainly to the evaluation of hepatic disorders (hepatocellular disorders):

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11
Q

4-8 times ULN

A

Muscular dystrophy
Inflammatory conditions

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12
Q

disproportionate elevation of AST over ALT, yielding an AST/ALT quotient, also called the ?

A

DeRitis Ratio, 3-4 : 1 (AST:ALT)

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13
Q

ALP tissue source

A

Liver
Bone: osteoblasts

Spleen
Placenya
Intestine
Kidney

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14
Q

ACP tissue source

A

Prostate
Bone: osteoclast

Liver
Spleen
Kidney
RBC
Platelets

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15
Q

useful tumor marker in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for most germ cell tumor

A

Placental ALP

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16
Q

Increases in ? may occur in patients with intestinal infarction, inflammation, and ulceration and patients undergoing chronic
hemodialysis.

A

Intestinal ALP

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17
Q

Electrophoresis: usually in the early stages of hepatobiliary conditions

A

Major liver fraction

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18
Q

Electrophoresis: found in metastatic carcinoma of the liver and hepatobiliary diseases

A

Fast liver fraction

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19
Q

valuable indicator obstructive liver disease

A

Fast liver fraction

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20
Q

To remove sialic acid

A

Neuraminidase

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21
Q

To bind to other isoenzymes

A

What germ lectin

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22
Q

capable of resolving multiple bands of ALP.

A

High resolution electrophoresis

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23
Q

cannot completely resolve bone and liver isoenzymes, making them unsuitable for other than qualitative studies.

A

Standard cellulose acetate and agarose gel electrophoresis

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24
Q

ALP activity is measured before and after heating serum at ?

A

56C for 10 min

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25
If the residual activity after heating is LESS than 20% of the total activity before heating
BONE ALP
26
If the residual activity after heating is GREATER than 20% of the total activity before heating
LIVER ALP
27
True or false We USE ALP for Intestinal and Placental disorders
False
28
Inhibits INTESTINAL ALP and PLACENTAL ALP to a much greater extent than liver and bone ALP
Phenylalanine
29
Inhibits BONE ALP and LIVER ALP
Levamisole
30
Inhibits bone ALP
3M urea
31
3 abnormal isoenzymes can only found in cancer patients
Kasahara Isoenzyme Regan Isoenzyme Nagao Isoenzyme
32
Increased in ovarian (highest incidence) and gynecologic cancers
Regan Isoenzyme
33
Regan isoenzyme resists denaturation at ?
65C for 30 min
34
Inhibited by phenylalanine and migrates like bone ALP
Regan isoenzyme
35
Nagao isoenzyme is inhibited by
Phenylalanine and L-Leucine
36
Detected in METASTATIC carcinoma of pleural surfaces and ADENOCARCINOMA of the pancreas and bile duct
Nagao isoenzyme
37
Cholestasis in pregnancy may lead to
Cholangitis (inflammation of the bile duct)
38
Hallmarks for cholestasis in pregnant women
Charcot’s triad/Reynold’s pentad
39
Extra hepatic cholestatis in gallstones
Cholelithiasis Choledolithiasis
40
A chronic condition that causes abnormal bone remodeling. Gain in bone mass
Paget’s Disease (Osteitis deformans)
41
characterized by the SOFTENING of bones due to inadequatemineralization
Osteomalacia (adults) Rickets (children)
42
Main cause of osteomalacia and rickets
Vitamin D deficiency
43
In normal pregnancy, increased ALP is mainly because of the ?
Placental isoenzyme
44
Placental isoenzyme may be elevated in ?
(THEP) Threatened abortion Hypertension Eclampsia Preeclampsia
45
Increased ALL in normal pregnancy can be detected between -
16 and 20 weeks
46
Low ALP may occur transiently after ?
Blood transfuison Cardiopulmonary bypass
47
rare inherited disorder of bone metabolism as the result of missense mutations of tissue-nonspecific ALP = low ALP
Hypophosphatasia
48
Zinc deficiency cause
Decreased ALP
49
5 important types of ACP found in humans
Prostatic Lysosomal Osteoclastic Erythrocyte Macrophage
50
2 isoenzymes used for DIAGNOSIS of ACP
Prostatic ACP Erythrocyte ACP
51
Prostatic ACP is inhibited by
Tartrate
52
Erythrocyte ACP is inhibited bt
2% formaldehype 1 mmol cupric sulfate
53
present in certain chronic leukemias and some lymphomas, most notably in hairy cell leukemia
TRAP Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase
54
produced by osteoclasts in the bone marrow and is used as a marker for bone remodeling/ resorption
TRAP-5b
55
expression of this enzyme in malignant GASTRIC CARCINOMA cells is associated with an increased probability of peritoneal involvement; its expression in specific subclasses of macrophages in patients w COLON CANCER
TRAP-5b
56
ACP activity peak during -, and remain elevated for up to -
First 12 hours; 4 days
57
Presumptive evidence of rape: ? = POSITIVE
ACP activity >50 U/L
58
Gaucher disease is caused by deficiency of what enzyme
Glucocerebrosidase
59
Enzyme that breakdown glycolipids present in cell to prevent buildup so fats will accumulate
Glucocerebrosidase
60
Glucocerebrosidase deficiency causing buildup of fatty substances in certain organs
Gaucher disease
61
Resulting from exercise platelet destruction from idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)
Thrombocytopenia

3J - CC2 (1ST SEM: PRELIMS) (2 decks)

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