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3J - CC2 (1ST SEM: PRELIMS) > AST ALT ALP ACP > Flashcards

AST ALT ALP ACP Flashcards

1
Q

Coenzyme of AST, ALT

A

Pyridoxal phosphate

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2
Q

AST tissue sources

A

Cardiac tissue
Liver tissue
Skeletal muscle

Small amounts in:
Kidney
pancreas
erythrocytes

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3
Q

ALT tissue sources

A

Liver

Small amounts in
Pancreas
Heart
Erythrocytes
Kidney
Skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Significantly increased in disorders producing cellular necrosis

A

Mitochondrial isoenzyme

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5
Q

More present in plasma during hepatocellular injury since it is the one being released

A

Cytoplasmic isoenzyme

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6
Q

With membrane injury as in viral or chemically induced hepatitis, these enzymes are released and enter the sinusoids, raising plasma AST and ALT activities

A

Cytoplasmic AST and ALT

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7
Q

Mitochondrial AST is released when ?

A

Mitochondrial injury, caused by ethanol in alcoholic hepatitis

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8
Q

Increased in hepatobiliary disease

A

Alkaline phosphatase

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9
Q

AST is limited limited mainly to the evaluation of ? and ?

A

hepatocellular disorders

skeletal muscle involvement

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10
Q

ALT is confined mainly to the evaluation of ?

A

confined mainly to the evaluation of hepatic disorders (hepatocellular disorders):

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11
Q

4-8 times ULN

A

Muscular dystrophy
Inflammatory conditions

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12
Q

disproportionate elevation of AST over ALT, yielding an AST/ALT quotient, also called the ?

A

DeRitis Ratio, 3-4 : 1 (AST:ALT)

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13
Q

ALP tissue source

A

Liver
Bone: osteoblasts

Spleen
Placenya
Intestine
Kidney

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14
Q

ACP tissue source

A

Prostate
Bone: osteoclast

Liver
Spleen
Kidney
RBC
Platelets

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15
Q

useful tumor marker in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for most germ cell tumor

A

Placental ALP

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16
Q

Increases in ? may occur in patients with intestinal infarction, inflammation, and ulceration and patients undergoing chronic
hemodialysis.

A

Intestinal ALP

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17
Q

Electrophoresis: usually in the early stages of hepatobiliary conditions

A

Major liver fraction

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18
Q

Electrophoresis: found in metastatic carcinoma of the liver and hepatobiliary diseases

A

Fast liver fraction

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19
Q

valuable indicator obstructive liver disease

A

Fast liver fraction

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20
Q

To remove sialic acid

A

Neuraminidase

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21
Q

To bind to other isoenzymes

A

What germ lectin

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22
Q

capable of resolving multiple bands of ALP.

A

High resolution electrophoresis

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23
Q

cannot completely resolve bone and liver isoenzymes, making them unsuitable for other than qualitative studies.

A

Standard cellulose acetate and agarose gel electrophoresis

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24
Q

ALP activity is measured before and after heating serum at ?

A

56C for 10 min

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25
Q

If the residual activity after heating is LESS than 20% of the total activity before heating

26
Q

If the residual activity after heating is GREATER than 20% of the total activity before heating

27
Q

True or false

We USE ALP for Intestinal and Placental disorders

28
Q

Inhibits INTESTINAL ALP and PLACENTAL ALP to a much greater extent than liver and bone ALP

A

Phenylalanine

29
Q

Inhibits BONE ALP and LIVER ALP

A

Levamisole

30
Q

Inhibits bone ALP

31
Q

3 abnormal isoenzymes can only found in cancer patients

A

Kasahara Isoenzyme
Regan Isoenzyme
Nagao Isoenzyme

32
Q

Increased in ovarian (highest incidence) and gynecologic cancers

A

Regan Isoenzyme

33
Q

Regan isoenzyme resists denaturation at ?

A

65C for 30 min

34
Q

Inhibited by phenylalanine and migrates like bone ALP

A

Regan isoenzyme

35
Q

Nagao isoenzyme is inhibited by

A

Phenylalanine and L-Leucine

36
Q

Detected in METASTATIC carcinoma of pleural surfaces and ADENOCARCINOMA of the pancreas and bile duct

A

Nagao isoenzyme

37
Q

Cholestasis in pregnancy may lead to

A

Cholangitis (inflammation of the bile duct)

38
Q

Hallmarks for cholestasis in pregnant women

A

Charcot’s triad/Reynold’s pentad

39
Q

Extra hepatic cholestatis in gallstones

A

Cholelithiasis
Choledolithiasis

40
Q

A chronic condition that causes abnormal bone remodeling. Gain in bone mass

A

Paget’s Disease (Osteitis deformans)

41
Q

characterized by the SOFTENING of bones due to inadequatemineralization

A

Osteomalacia (adults)
Rickets (children)

42
Q

Main cause of osteomalacia and rickets

A

Vitamin D deficiency

43
Q

In normal pregnancy, increased ALP is mainly because of the ?

A

Placental isoenzyme

44
Q

Placental isoenzyme may be elevated in ?

A

(THEP)

Threatened abortion
Hypertension
Eclampsia
Preeclampsia

45
Q

Increased ALL in normal pregnancy can be detected between -

A

16 and 20 weeks

46
Q

Low ALP may occur transiently after ?

A

Blood transfuison
Cardiopulmonary bypass

47
Q

rare inherited disorder of bone metabolism as the result of missense mutations of tissue-nonspecific ALP = low ALP

A

Hypophosphatasia

48
Q

Zinc deficiency cause

A

Decreased ALP

49
Q

5 important types of ACP found in humans

A

Prostatic
Lysosomal
Osteoclastic
Erythrocyte
Macrophage

50
Q

2 isoenzymes used for DIAGNOSIS of ACP

A

Prostatic ACP
Erythrocyte ACP

51
Q

Prostatic ACP is inhibited by

52
Q

Erythrocyte ACP is inhibited bt

A

2% formaldehype
1 mmol cupric sulfate

53
Q

present in certain chronic leukemias and some
lymphomas, most notably in hairy cell leukemia

A

TRAP

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase

54
Q

produced by osteoclasts in the bone marrow and is used as a marker for bone remodeling/ resorption

55
Q

expression of this enzyme in malignant GASTRIC
CARCINOMA cells is associated with an increased
probability of peritoneal involvement; its expression in specific subclasses of macrophages in patients w COLON CANCER

56
Q

ACP activity peak during -, and remain elevated for up to -

A

First 12 hours; 4 days

57
Q

Presumptive evidence of rape: ? = POSITIVE

A

ACP activity >50 U/L

58
Q

Gaucher disease is caused by deficiency of what enzyme

A

Glucocerebrosidase

59
Q

Enzyme that breakdown glycolipids present in cell to prevent buildup so fats will accumulate

A

Glucocerebrosidase

60
Q

Glucocerebrosidase deficiency causing buildup of fatty substances in certain organs

A

Gaucher disease

61
Q

Resulting from exercise platelet destruction from
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)

A

Thrombocytopenia

3J - CC2 (1ST SEM: PRELIMS) (2 decks)

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