Assumptions and Strat For Major Approaches

Question 0

Person centered therapy

View, goal, strategies

Answer 0

View: the self becomes disorganized as the result of incongruence between self and experience, which occurs when the individual is exposed to conditions of worth.
Goal: help the client achieve congruence between self and experience so he or she can become more fully functioning, self-actualizing person,
Therapy techniques/strategies: the therapist promotes the client psychological growth by providing genuineness, unconditional positive regard and empathetic understanding. Specific strategies include attending, using restatement, reflection, and other techniques that communicate empathetic understanding and a no evaluative attitude.

Question 1

Psychoanalytic (Freudian) psychotherapy

View, goal, strategies

Answer 1

View: psychotherapy stems from an unconscious, unresolved conflict that occurs during childhood.
Goal: reduce or eliminate pathological symptoms by brining the unconscious into conscious awareness and integrating previously repressed material into personality.
Therapy techniques/strategies: the primary technique is analysis, with the main targets of analysis being the clients free association, dreams, resistance and transferences.

Question 2

Gestalt therapy

View, goal, techniques

Answer 2

View: neurotic behavior is viewed as a growth disorder that involves abandonment of the self for the self image and a resulting lack of integration.
Goal: help the client achieve integration of the various aspects of the self in order to become integrated, unified whole.
Therapy techniques/strategies: gestaltians consider the primary curative factor in therapy to be awareness and use a variety of techniques to increase e clients awareness of his or her thoughts, feelings, and actions in the here and now - eg enactment/games of dialogue, directed behavior experiments, dream work.

Question 3

Interpersonal psychotherapy

View, goals, strategies

Answer 3

View: depression and other symptoms are related to problems in social roles and interpersonal relationships that are tradable to a lack of strong attachments in early life.
Goal: reduce the clients symptoms by improving his or her interpersonal functioning in one or more domains (grief, interpersonal conflict, role transition, interpersonal deficits).
Therapy techniques/strategies: IPT combines a variety of cognitive and behavior techniques including encouragement of affect, communication analysis, modeling, and role-playing.

Question 4

Solution focused therapy

View, goal, strategies

Answer 4

View: solutions focused therapists believe that understanding the. Etiology or attributes of problem behavior is irrelevant and focus instead on solutions to problems.
Goal: assist the client in recognizing and using his or her strengths and resources to achieve specific goals.
Therapy techniques/strategies: therapy incorporates a variety of techniques signed to help clients identify solutions to problems including asking miracle, exception, and scaling questions.

Question 5

Behavior therapy

View, goal, strategies

Answer 5

View: maladaptive behavior is the result of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and or social (observational) learning.
Goal: help the client achieve sired and realistic changes in observable behaviors.
Therapy techniques/strategies: therapy incorporates a variety of behavioral interventions - e.g. Exposure, counter conditioning, reinforcement, modeling, skills training, self control training.

Question 6

Cognitive therapy

View, goal, strategies

Answer 6

View: maladaptive behavior is due to dysfunctional cognitive schemas that develop early in life and are subsequently activated by internal or external stressors.
Goal: help the client identify, reality test, and correct dysfunctional schemas, negative automatic thoughts, and cognitive distortions.
Therapy techniques/strategies: therapy incorporates a variety of cognitive and behavioral techniques - e.g. Socratic dialogue, graded homework assignments, activity scheduling, relaxation, behavioral rehearsal, and cognitive rehearsal.

Question 7

Structural family therapy

View, goal, strategies

Answer 7

View: family dysfunction is the result of an inflexible family structure that prohibits the family from adapting to maturational and situational stressors in a healthy way.
Goal:alleviate symptoms and change relationships between family members by restructuring the family (e.g. By realigning subsystems and altering overly rigid or permeable boundaries).
Therapy techniques/strategies: techniques focus on behavior change that will lead to modification of the family structure and include joining (mimesis and tracking), enactment, and reframing.

Question 8

Strategic family therapy

View, goal, strategies

Answer 8

View: symptoms are strategies for controlling interpersonal relationships.
Goal: alleviate the family’s presenting problem(s) by using strategies designed to alter communication patterns and other interpersonal behaviors.
Therapy techniques/strategies: therapy entails the use of a variety of strategies including directives and paradoxical techniques (e.g. Ordeals, positioning, reframing, prescribing the symptom).

Question 9

Bowenian family systems therapy

View, goal, strategies

Answer 9

View: maladaptive behavior is the result of a multigenerational transmission process in which progressively lower levels of differentiation are transmitted from one generation to the next.
Goal: reduce the clients anxiety and increase his or her self differentiation.
Therapy techniques/strategies: therapy utilizes techniques designed to help family members achieve greater intellectual and emotional differentiation - e.g. Therapeutic triangle, questioning, having the client take an I stand, and having the client re establish contact with is or her family of origin.