Assumptions Analysis Flashcards
Notes from mindmap
What are the two roots of psychology?
Natural sciences and philosophy
Who proposed the law of effect?
Edward Thorndike
What is the law of effect?
It suggested that behaviors followed by pleasant or helpful outcomes would be more likely to occur in the future.
What is behaviour?
Anything we can observe
What is intro-spection?
Observation of one’s personal behaviour, thought and feeling
What is the school of empricism?
It was believed by empricist such as John Locke, the idea is that mind is a blank slate when kids are born but later they gain ideas by observing the world.
What do contemporary psychologists believe?
Inborn characterists interact with inborn characterists to shape the mind.
Intelligence is an example.
Which scientist came up with the idea that mind could be studies scientifically? What was his menthod?
Hermann von Helmholtz.
He studied how fast people responded when they felt somthing on their thigh compared to that of on their toes.
Who is considered the first experimental psychologist?
Wilhelm Wundt
What was Wilhelm Wundt’s experiment queestion and its results and conclusion?
Question: Is it possible to time ‘mental processes’?
Experiment: He asked participants to press the telegram key as soon as they heard a ball-drop. He asked participants to press the right side button if they see a certain light or left it they see a certain light. Or made certain decisions, and as complexity increased, the processing time also increased.
Conclusion: The reation time was ‘mental chronometry’ that is in simple words reation time provided the processing required for a particular task.
What is Volunterism?
It is the idea of Wilhem Wundt. It emphasis will and choice for decision making, perception and thoughts.
Who came up with structurilism? and what is it?
Wilhem Wundt’s student Edward Tichener.
Brain is broken down into smallest elements of mental experience. He thought ehat concisiousness experience can be broken down into 3 parts: Sensations, Feelings and images, each of these can be broken down further.
What is Gestalt psychology and who came up with it?
It was the idea that rejected the ‘structuralism’ by Edward Tichener. Gestalt saw experience being different from being the sum of its elements.
The founders were german, Kurt Kuffka, Max Wertimer, and Wolfgang. These people thaought breaking hte idea of ‘whole’ into parts would result in loss of some important psychological information.
What are the principles of Gestalt principles?
- Proximity principle
- Similarity principle
- Continiuty Principle
- Closure Princliple
- Simplicity Principle
Describe Proximity principle:
It is an idea from the gestalt principles:
Things that seem together are grouped together. Like dots are closer in rows then we think them as rows not colums.
What is similarity principle?
An idea of the Gestalt principles:
People group tend to group similar stimuli together. Like grouping dark dots or squares and rectangles in columns.
What is continuity principle?
A principle of Gestalt principles:
It says people tend to see objects as onjects as lines or smooth curves, examples the branches behind the trees can be two different yet people think it is one.
What is closure principle?
We tend to ingore gaps to see things as a closure.
