Assumptions about Psychological Testing and Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological Traits and States Exist

A

Assumption 1

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2
Q

any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual varies from another

A

Trait

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3
Q

intelligence, specific intellectual abilities, cognitive style, adjustment, interests, attitudes, sexual orientation and preferences, psychopathology, etc.

A

Psychological Trait

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4
Q

– distinguish one person from another but are relatively less enduring

A

States

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5
Q

Characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that generalize across similar situations, differ systematically between individuals, and remain rather stable across time

A

Trait

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6
Q

Permit people predict the present from the past

A

Trait

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7
Q

Characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving in a concrete situation at a specific moment in time

A

States

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8
Q

Identify those behaviors that can be controlled by manipulating the situation

A

States

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9
Q

an informed, scientific concept developed or constructed to explain a behavior, inferred from overt behavior

A

Construct

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10
Q

an observable action or the product of an observable action

A

Overt Behavior

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11
Q

Psychological Traits and States can be Quantified and Measured

A

Assumption 2

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12
Q

assumption that the more the testtaker responds in a particular direction keyed by the test manual as correct or consistent with a particular trait, the higher that testtaker is presumed to be on the targeted ability or trait

A

Cumulative Scoring

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13
Q

The tasks in some tests mimics the actual behaviors that the test user is attempting to understand

A

Assumption 3: Test-Rlated Behavior Predicts Non-Test-Related Behavior

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14
Q

Test-Related Behavior Predicts Non-Test-Related Behavior

A

Assumption 3

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15
Q

Competent test users understand and appreciate the limitations of the test they use as well as how those limitations might be compensated for by data from other sources

A

Assumption 4: Test and Other Measurement Techniques have strengths and weaknesses

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16
Q

Various Sources of Error are part of the Assessment Process

A

Assumption 5

17
Q

refers to something that is more than expected; it is component of the measurement process

A

Error

18
Q

Refers to a long-standing assumption that factors other than what a test attempts to measure will influence performance on the test

A

Assumption 5: Various Sources of Error are part of the Assessment Process

19
Q

– the component of a test score attributable to sources other than the trait or ability measured

A

Error Variance

20
Q

Potential Sources of error variance

A

ASMEARA
1. Assessors
2. Measuring Instruments
3. Random errors such as luck

21
Q

each testtaker has true score on a test that would be obtained but for the action of measurement error

A

Classical Test Theory

22
Q

Despite best efforts of many professionals, fairness-related questions and problems do occasionally rise

A

Assumption 6: Testing and Assessment can be conducted in a Fair and Unbiased Manner

23
Q

Considering the many critical decisions that are based on testing and assessment procedures, we can readily appreciate the need for tests

A

Assumption 7: Testing and Assessment Benefit Society