Assumptions

Question 1

A1- humans are born like a blank slate
Tabula rasa

Answer 1

That idea that humans are born as a “blank slate”, with no innate mental content and all behaviour is learned from the environment

Question 2

A1- humans are born like a blank slate
Environment determinism

Answer 2

The belief that behaviour is shaped entirely by environmental factors, such as as separations and early rewards and punishments

Question 3

A1- humans are born like a blank slate
Nature vs nurture debate

Answer 3

The disscssion on where behaviour is influenced more by genetic/ biological factors (nature) or by environmental and social experiences (nurture)
Behaviourists strongly support the nurture side

Question 4

Behaviour learned through conditioning
Classical conditioning

Answer 4

Learning through association where a neutral stimulus become associated with am unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response. Discovered by Ivan Pavlov

Question 5

Behaviour learned through conditioning
Operant conditioning

Answer 5

Learning through reinforcement and punishment
Pos reinforcement- rewarding a behaviour to increase its occurrence
Neg reinforcement- remove net an unpleasant stimulus to encourage behaviour
Punishment- decreasing behaviour by introducing an unpleasant consequence

Question 6

Behaviour learned through conditioning
Reinforcement

Answer 6

A consequence that increases the likelihood of a beviour occurring again. Can be positive (adding a reward)
Or negative (removing an unpleasant stimulus) eg skinners box

Question 7

Humans and animals learn in similar ways
Generalisation of learning

Answer 7

The idea that humans and animals learn in similar ways, allowing research on animal learning (eg- pavlova dogs, skinners rats) applied to human behaviour and therapy

Question 8

Humans and animals learn in similar ways
Systematic sensitisation

Answer 8

A behaviourist therapy based on classical conditioning where individuals learn to replace fear responses with relaxation when exposed to their phobia

Question 9

Humans and animals learn in similar ways
Token economy system

Answer 9

A behaviour modification technique using operant conditioning, where desirable behaviour is reinforced with tokens that can be exchanged for rewards, used in settings like schools and prisons