Assumption question tricks Flashcards

1
Q

name some keywords to identify a conclusion

A

as a result, thus, therefore, so, as a result, it follows, clearly

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2
Q

opinion language in a conclusion

A

should, ought, will

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3
Q

1 sentence test

A

pinpoint a sentence that is the most important details that the author wants to get across

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4
Q

facts/evidence keywords

A

Keywords - since, because, for, after all…
After all - signals that there is a conclusion before it

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5
Q

contrast or rebuttal words

A

however, but, yet, although

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6
Q

continuation words

A

also, in addition, moreover, and
if you see this keyword, it is connecting two pieces of evidence

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7
Q

logical reasoning method

A
  1. Identify the question type
  2. Untangle the stimulus - where we paraphrase
  3. Make a prediction
  4. Evaluate the answer choices
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8
Q

what is the first thing you do with weaken questions?

A

first, always, we want to look for an alternative explanation

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9
Q

what if you see “if” in the question stem

A

sufficient assumption

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10
Q

types of filler

A

alternate point of view (“some people believe”)
asides (lift out of argument, has no effect)
examples
background information
subordinate evidence

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11
Q

which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

A

nec assumption

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12
Q

which one of the following most accurately describes a reasoning flaw in the argument?

A

flaw

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13
Q

Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

A

strength

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14
Q

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolves the apparent paradox described above?

A

paradox

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15
Q

The argument’s conclusion is strongly supported if which one of the following completes the passage?

A

sufficient assumption

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16
Q

The reasoning is questionable in that it…

A

flaw

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17
Q

The author’s reasoning is most strongly supported if which one of the following is true?

A

sufficient assumption

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18
Q

Which one of the following, if true, most calls into question the author’s reasoning?

A

weaken

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19
Q

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apartment conflict above?

A

paradox

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20
Q

Which of the following is the conclusion of the argument?

A

main point

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21
Q

Which of the following is the overall conclusion of the argument?

A

main point

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22
Q

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

A

nec assumption

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23
Q

Which one of the following is an argumentative technique used by scientists?

A

method of argument

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24
Q

The dialogue provides the most support for the claim that X and Y disagree whether

A

point at issue

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25
Q

Every assumption family argument contains the following:

A

Conclusion (main point, assertion, evaluation, or recommendation), evidence (facts/information), assumption (unstated premise that connects C to E).

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26
Q

use the method

A

conclusion because evidence

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27
Q

mismatched concepts

A

Concepts in the evidence appear unrelated to those in the conclusion
A concept not discussed in the evidence is used in the conclusion.
Idea is that mismatched concepts when the author brings up a concept/idea in the conclusion. How are we going to draw a conclusion about it if we do not know any thing? There must be a concept that is dangling that you are assuming a connection between.

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28
Q

overlooked possibilities

A

Concepts in the evidence and conclusion ARE related. BUT the conclusion is too extreme for evidence (uses strong language or suggests that it MUST be this way)

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29
Q

are inferences arguments

A

no

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30
Q

Difference between inference and strengthen questions:

A

Question stems - inference questions
If X’s statements are true, then which one of the following must be true?
The word support comes in a lot
Flows downwards, the stimulus is providing support.
Strengthen questions
Flow upwards, answers support the stimulus
IDUS acronym -> inference down, UP strengthen

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31
Q

can an inference be simple

A

yes

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32
Q

inference - wimpy or strong?

A

wimpy
An inference can never be stronger than the stimulus
If formal logic involved, then can support a stronger answer choice.

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33
Q

traps with inferences

A
  1. Out of the scope (it talks about things that the author does not), irelevant comparisons (author does not make a comparison and the answer does, then eliminate)
  2. TOO Extreme language (language is stronger than used by the author, inference can never be more certain than the stimulus)
  3. 180 (answer is opposite for what we are looking for, answer contradict something you read)
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34
Q

necessary assumption process

A

1st look for mismatched concepts between conclusion and evidence, if you cannot find the mismatched concepts then overlooked possibilities

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35
Q

avoid or pursue extreme answers:

A

necessary assumption

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36
Q

once you know that it is a sufficient assumption question, you need weak or strong language in the answer?

A

strong! need to prove the conclusion

37
Q

what is filler?

A

arguments in LR have more than just evidence and conclusions, LSAT adds extra details to hide the logic

38
Q

can you ignore filler?

A

YES 99% of the time, the role of the statement is the only question type where you cannot.

39
Q

name the question types where we can ignore filler

A

necessary assumption, sufficient assumption, strengthen/weaken, flaw

40
Q

look for conclusion first and then

A

backtrack a sentence to the evidence

41
Q

name the types of filler

A

alternative point of view
asides
examples
background information
subordinate evidence

42
Q

which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

A

necessary assumption

43
Q

which one of the following most accurately describes a reasoning flaw in the argument?

A

flaw

44
Q

Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

A

strengthen

45
Q

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolves the apparent paradox described above?

A

paradox

46
Q

The argument’s conclusion is strongly supported if which one of the following completes the passage?

A

sufficient assumption
want to find a FIRM ANSWER

47
Q

The reasoning is questionable in that it…

A

flaw

48
Q

The author’s reasoning is most strongly supported if which one of the following is true?

A

sufficient assumption

49
Q

Which one of the following, if true, most calls into question the author’s reasoning?

A

weaken

50
Q

what is the difference between weaken / flaw question?

A

flaw asks what is already wrong with the argument. Weaken will bring in new information.

51
Q

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apartment conflict above?

A

paradox

52
Q

Which of the following is the conclusion of the argument?

A

main point

53
Q

Which of the following is the overall conclusion of the argument?

A

main point

54
Q

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

A

nec assumption

55
Q

The author’s argument depends on which one of the following assumptions?

A

nec assumption

56
Q

The author’s argument makes which one of the following assumptions?

A

nec assumption

57
Q

The conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?

A

suf assumption

58
Q

The overall conclusion is strongly supported if which one of the following is assumed?

A

suf assumption

59
Q

The conclusion can be properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?

A

suf assumption

60
Q

Need to close the gap between evidence and conclusion completely. Answer is usually extreme.

A

suf assumption

61
Q

Just want the bare minimum to be true to have the conclusion be possible

A

nec assumption

62
Q

Which one of the following is a questionable technique used by the author?

A

flaw

63
Q

The argument overlooks which one of the following possibilities?

A

flaw

64
Q

The argument is vulnerable to criticism in that it.

A

flaw

65
Q

The author’s argument contains which one of the following errors in reasoning?

A

flaw

66
Q

The argument is most strongly supported if which one of the following is true?

A

strengthen

67
Q

Which one of the following, if true, most justifies the author’s reasoning?

A

strengthen

68
Q

Which one of the following adds the most support to the argument?

A

strengthen

69
Q

The answer to which of the following questions would be most helpful in evaluating the argument above?

A

strengthen

70
Q

When you are told that the answer choices should be treated as true, then it will only be one of three question types

A

strengthen, weaken, paradox

71
Q

what is the strategy for strengthen/weaken questions

A

make a general prediction

72
Q

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must be true?

A

inference, must be true

73
Q

Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the author’s argument?

A

main point

74
Q

Which one of the following is an argumentative technique used by scientists?

A

method of argument

75
Q

The dialogue provides the most support for the claim that X and Y disagree whether

A

point at issue

76
Q

role of statement

A

The claim that there has been no increase in the last decade plays which one of the following roles in the argument?

77
Q

The situation described above best illistrates which one of the following propositions?

A

principle

78
Q

Every assumption family argument contains the following

A

Conclusion (main point, assertion, evaluation, or recommendation), evidence (facts/information), assumption (unstated premise that connects C to E).

79
Q

are mismatched concepts and overlooked possibilities assumptions?

A

no they are mistakes

80
Q

what are mismatched concepts

A

Concepts in the evidence appear unrelated to those in the conclusion, A concept not discussed in the evidence is used in the conclusion.

81
Q

what are overlooked possibilities

A

Concepts in the evidence and conclusion ARE related. BUT the conclusion is too extreme for evidence

82
Q

are inferences arguments

A

no

83
Q

things to remember about LSAT inferences

A

An inference follows only from facts given. No outside knowledge is required.
An inference need not be mind-blowing. Sometimes it will be simple, even obvious.
An inference may come from a single fact, or it may require combining multiple facts. It may not be necessary to take into account all of the facts given in the stimulus.

84
Q

wimpy or strong language in answers for inferences

A

wimpy, an inference can never be stronger than the stimulus

85
Q

to confirm a valid inference

A

Begin with the most concrete/definite statements provided.
Carefully note and interpret keywords
Stay alert to the relationships between sentences
Don’t bother to predict if prediction seems impossible
Watch for common wrong answer types

86
Q

Common mismatched concept patterns

A

equivalent
representation
need one for the other
mutually exclusive

87
Q

nec assumption right answers

A

AVOID extreme answers. Looking for something that needs to be true.
The only way an extreme answer is right is if there is similar language about the same topic in the stimulus.

88
Q
A