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little beans > Associations > Flashcards

Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Low ADAMST13

give dx and treatment

A

Dx: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
Tx: Plasmapheresis

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2
Q

Basket-weave and lamellated basement membrane (give dx)

A

Alport syndrome

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3
Q

Brown urine (give dx)

A

Post-infectious acute glomerulonephritis

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4
Q

c-ANCA, PR-3 (give dx, organ systems involved, and key biopsy finding)

A

Dx: granulomatosis
Organs: Pulmonary-renal
Biopsy: Crescentic

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5
Q

CLDN-16 and paracellin-1 mutations

give dx and site of mutation

A

Dx: Familial Hypomagnesemia with Hypercalcuria

Site of mutation: Thick ascending limb of LoH

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6
Q

Coffin lid shape

give dx and preceding circumstances

A

Dx: struvite kidney stones
Circumstance: usually happens during infection

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7
Q

Congo-red staining with apple-green birefringence under polarized light (give dx)

A

Amyloidosis

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8
Q

Crescents of fibrin and plasma proteins such as C3b (give biopsy pattern class)

A

Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis

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9
Q

Foot process effacement on EM and normal LM/IF (give dx)

A

Minimal change disease

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10
Q

Envelope shape (give dx)

A

Calcium oxalate kidney stones

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11
Q

Eosinophilic nodular glomerulosclerosis (give dx)

A

Diabetic glomerulonephropathy

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12
Q

Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules (give dx)

A

Diabetic glomerulonephropathy

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13
Q

Prior epstein barr virus infection (give dx)

A

Membranoproliferative GN

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14
Q

Frothy urine (give ddx class)

A

Nephrotic syndromes

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15
Q

Prior group A beta-hemolytic strep infection (give dx and complement levels)

A

Dx: Acute post-strep GN

Complement level: low

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16
Q

Hepatitis C serology (give dx)

A

Membranoproliferative GN

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17
Q

“Humps” on EM (give dx)

A

Acute-post strep glomerulonephritis

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18
Q

IgG, IgM, and C3 deposition on IF (give dx)

A

acute-post strep glomerulonephritis

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19
Q

Intramembranous deposits on EM (give dx)

A

Membranoproliferative GN (type II)

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20
Q

Linear IgG staining on IF (give dx and organ involvement)

A

Dx: Anti-GbM disease

Organ involvement: lungs (if goodpastures)

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21
Q

Low C3/C4 levels (give ddx)

A

Post-infectious GN, SLE type IV, membranoproliferative GN

22
Q

Prior lymphomas (give dx)

A

membranoproliferative GN

23
Q

Mesangial cell proliferation, variable proteinuria, hypocomplementemia (give dx)

A

Membranoproliferative GN

24
Q

Child with periorbital swelling (give dx and tx)

A

Dx: Minimal change disease
Tx: Corticosteroids

25
Q

RBC casts (give ddx category)

A

Glomerulonephritis

26
Q

Radiolucent kidney stones (give dx and tx)

A

Dx: uric acid stones
Tx: Alkalinization of urine and allopurinol

27
Q

Rhomboid/rosette shaped kidney stones (give dx and associated illness)

A

Dx: uric acid stones

Associated illness: gout

28
Q

Segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis in some of the glomeruli (give dx)

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

29
Q

“spike and dome” pattern of subepithelial deposits along the GBM (give dx)

A

membranous nephropathy

30
Q

Staghorn calculi (give dx and associated illness)

A

dx: struvite stone

associated illness: infection with ureas positive bacteria (like proteus)

31
Q

Stones following urease positive bacterial infection (give dx)

A

struvite stone

32
Q

Starry sky appearance on LM (give dx)

A

Acute post-strep glomerulonephritis

33
Q

Subepithelial deposits and effacement of foot processes of podocytes (give dx)

A

Membranous nephropathy

34
Q

Subepithelial deposits on EM + recent history of infection (give dx)

A

Post-infectious glomerulonephritis

35
Q

Thickened capillary loops and GBM without cellular proliferation (give dx)

A

Membranous nephropathy

36
Q

Thrombocytopenia (give dx and accompanying symptoms)

A

Dx: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Symptoms: neuro symptoms, fever, anemia

37
Q

Tram-tracking on silver stain/EM (give dx)

A

Membranoproliferative GN

38
Q

Waxy casts (give dx)

A

ESRD/CKD

39
Q

WBCs/eosinophils in urine (give dx and possible common drug association)

A

Dx: allergic interstitial nephritis
Drugs: antibiotics/penicillin

40
Q

WBC casts (give dx)

A

Acute pyelonephritis

41
Q

Wire looping on LM + deposits everywhere on EM (give dx)

A

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

42
Q

Adenosine (made by, target, action, activation signal)

A 
Adenosine
Made by: macula densa 
Target: afferent areteriole
Action: vasoconstriction
Signal: Increased NaCl flow past macula densa
43
Q

Aldosterone (made by, target, action, activation signal)

A

Aldosterone
Made by: Adrenals
Target: alpha-intercalated, principal cells, DCT
Action: increased H+ secretion (H+ ATPase), increased expression of ENaC and Na+ reabsorption
Activated by: Angiotensin II

44
Q

Angiotensin II (made by, target, action, activation signal)

A

Angiotensin II
Made by: Liver
Target: Hypothalamus, kidney, glomerulus, artery, adrenals
Action: increase ADH (hypothalamus), increased aldosterone (adrenals), increased Na+/H+ exchange in PCT (to increase solute delivery and down regulate renin release), efferent arteriole constriction (increase GFR)
Activated by: low NaCl, low BP, sympathetic (beta1) activation all via Renin release

45
Q

FGF23 (made by, target, action, activation signal)

A 
FGF23
Made by: osteocytes
Target: kidney, thyroid
Action: decreased vitamin D activation, decreased PTH release, phosphaturia 
Activated by: hyperphosphatemia
46
Q

PTH (made by, target, action, activation signal)

A

PTH
Made by: parathyroid
Target: DCT, PCT, bone, GI
Action: increase calcium in blood (also via increased vitamin D activation)
Activated by: low Ca/Mg or high serum phosphate

47
Q

Renin (made by, target, action, activation signal)

A 
Renin
Made by: juxtaglomerular cells
Target: Angiotensinogen
Action: produce angiotensin I
Activated by: decreased NaCl, decreased BP, sympathetic activation (beta1)
48
Q

Vitamin D (made by, target, action, activation signal)

A 
Vitamin D
Made by: kidney
Target: Intestine
Action: Increased absorption Ca, PO4
Activated by: Decreased Ca and PO4
49
Q

Bartter’s syndrome mutation (Location, Action, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, pH)

A

Bartter’s
Location: TAL
Action: decreased Na/K/2Cl transport, decreased ROMK K+ secretion, or decreased Cl- reabsorption CIC-Kb
K+: low (K+ can’t be reabsorbed)
Mg2+: low (no charge gradient for Mg/Ca)
Ca2+: low (high in urine)
pH: alkalosis (decreased potassium reabsorption is compensated for by increasing H+ excretion in alpha-intercalated cells)

50
Q

Liddle syndrome mutation (Location, Action, K+, Na+, pH)

A

Liddle
Location: CCD
Action: decreased responsiveness to renin and aldosterone, leading to chronic activation of these pathways and hypertension
K+: low (to compensate for increased Na+ reabsorption)
Na+: high (because of inability to regulate ENaC)
pH: alkalosis (to compensate for increase Na+ reabsorption)

51
Q

Loop diuretic (Location, Action, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, pH)

A 
Loop diuretic
Location: LoH
Action: inhibit Na/K/2Cl
K+: low
Na+: low
Mg2+: low (no charge gradient)
Ca2+: low (no charge gradient)
pH: alkalosis (H+ exchanged for K+ to compensate distally in the nephron)
52
Q

Thiazide diuretics (Location, Action, K+, Na+, Ca2+, pH)

A

Thiazide diuretics
Location: Apical DCT
Action: blocks Na/Cl (favoring Na/Ca exchange)
K+: low
Na+: low
Ca2+: very high (blocking Na/Cl exchange favors Na/Ca exchange)
pH: alkalosis (H+ exchange for K+ to compensate distally in the nephron)

little beans (8 decks)

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