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associations Flashcards

1
Q

heart failure after URI

A

myocarditis

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2
Q

high output heart failure

A

pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, anemia, beriberi, paget’s disease

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3
Q

low output heart failure

A

arrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, HTN, dilated CM, valve disease

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4
Q

alcoholic with palpitations, arrhythmia

A

atrial fibrillation (holiday heart)

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5
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

pericardial effusion/tamponade, pericarditis, ashtma attack, tension pneumo, SVC obstruction

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6
Q

EKG changes, N & V, yellow-green visual disturbances

A

digoxin toxicity

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7
Q

flank pain, hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass

A

AAA

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8
Q

short PR, wide QRS, delta wave

A

WPW – avoid digoxin

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9
Q

LE rubor, no hair, brittle nail, pallor, calf pain with walking, claudication, ABI less .4

A

arterial insufficiency/PAD

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10
Q

trendelenberg test of extremitiess

A

tests for veinous insufficiency

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11
Q

rapid, deep labored breathing

A

Kussmaul brething–DKA, metabolic acidosis

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12
Q

cavitations on CXR

A

lung abscess, TB

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13
Q

deep breathing alternating with apnea

A

Cheyne-stokes breathing – heart failure, brain damage

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14
Q

pleural thickening on CXR

A

mesothelioma

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15
Q

hilar mass on CXR

A

lung cancer

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16
Q

eggshell pattern on CXR

A

silicosis or coal miners lung

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17
Q

ground glass appearance on CXR

A

asbestosis

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18
Q

reticular to nodular patter on CXR

A

coal miner’s lung

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19
Q

granulomas and inflammation of alveoli, small bronchi and small blood vessels

A

sarcoidosis

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20
Q

thumbprint sign

A

epiglottitis

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21
Q

inspiratory stridor

A

FB, viral croup

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22
Q

steeple sign

A

FB, viral croup

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23
Q

premature infant with respiratory distress, CXR has hypoexpansion and air bronchograms

A

hyaline membrane disease

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24
Q

elevated alk phos and urinary bilirubin

A

cholecystitis

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25
Q

fever, RUQ pain, gallstones, dilated common duct on US

A

ascending cholangitis (Charcot’s triad)

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26
Q

isolated elevated indirect bilirubin

A

Gilbert’s syndrome

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27
Q

elevated indirect bilirubin with defective glucuronyl transferase

A

Crigler-Najjar disease

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28
Q

multiple or constant GI ulcer pain despite meds

A

zollinger-ellison syndrome

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29
Q

CA-125

A

ovarian cancer

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30
Q

CA 19-9

A

pancreatic cancer

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31
Q

traveler’s diarrhea

A

Ecoli. tx with hydration and cipro

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32
Q

greasy, foul smelling, floating stool. water, travel, camping hx

A

giardia

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33
Q

zofran pharm category

A

5-HT3 blocker

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34
Q

afebrile, watery or loose stool with no blood or mucus

A

viral gastroenteritis

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35
Q

acute bacterial diarrhea with prodrome of HA, F, then crampy abd pain and diarrhea

A

campylobacter jejuni. most common cause of bacterial diarrhea

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36
Q

anti-endomysial antibodies

A

celiac sprue

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37
Q

beriberi

A

thiamine deficiency, alcoholic, neuro symptoms

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38
Q

pellagra

A

niacin deficiency ( 4D’s – dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death), bright red tongue

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39
Q

scurvy

A

Vit C deficiency (easy bleeding, bruising, hair and tooth loss, joint pain and swelling)

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40
Q

rickets

A

Vit D deficiency– osteomalacia

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41
Q

night blindness

A

vit A deficiency

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42
Q

magenta tongue

A

riboflavin deficiency (B2)

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43
Q

hypoglycemia in alcoholic

A

give thiamine before flucose to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy

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44
Q

hyponatremia and concentrated urine

A

SIADH

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45
Q

hyaline casts

A

normal…may be present after febrile illness or strenuous exercise

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46
Q

increased BUN/Cr and low FeNa

A

prerenal failure

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47
Q

kidney and lung bleeding

A

goodpasteures

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48
Q

vibrous band on lateral penis

A

peyronie’s disease

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49
Q

can’t retract foreskin

A

phimosis

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50
Q

lens shaped hemorrhage

A

epidural hematoma

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51
Q

concave

A

subdural hematoma

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52
Q

LP with decreased glucose, increased protein

A

bacterial meningitis

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53
Q

LP with decreased protein, few neutrophils

A

syphilitc meningitis

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54
Q

viral meningitis

A

mumps

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55
Q

meningitis and rash

A

meningiococcal

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56
Q

ascending paralysis

A

GBS

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57
Q

paralysis after campylobacter enteritis

A

GBS

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58
Q

weakness and fatigue in upper limbs, visual symptoms

A

myasthenia gravis

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59
Q

young kid with difficulty standing from seated position, calf muscle wasting

A

muscular dystrophy (weakness begins in pelvic girdle)

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60
Q

peds with fever or hx or URI with encephalopathy, emesis, hyperactive reflexes, hepatomegaly, elevated liver enzymes

A

Reye’s syndrome from URI/post flu or aspirin use

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61
Q

pediatric patient with episodes of blank stares

A

absence (petit-mall) seizures

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62
Q

3 mHz spikes on EEG

A

absence (petit-mall) seizures

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63
Q

ash leaf hypopigmentation of trunk and ext, shagreen patch, sebaceous adenomas, seizures, mental retardation, associated with PCK, renal hemartomas

A

tuberous sclerosis

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64
Q

bilateral pinpoint pupils

A

pontine hemorrhage

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65
Q

bilateral dilated pupils

A

anticholinergics, TCA, anti-parkinsonian drugs, profound hypoxemia

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66
Q

bilateral hemianopia

A

optic chiasm lesion

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67
Q

temporal field loss

A

ipsilateral optic tract lesion

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68
Q

eye trauma, exopthalmos, fixed upward gaze, hyphema, diplopia

A

orbital blow-out fx, immediate referral

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69
Q

painless, yellow triangular nodule on conjunctivia

A

pinguecula

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70
Q

transient monocular vision loss

A

amaurosis fugax – TIA, emboli

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71
Q

painless vision loss, hx of TIA, palpitations, arrhythmia, carotid disease, embolic source

A

CRAO (pale retina, cherry red macula)

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72
Q

painless vision loss, hx of HTN

A

CRVO (blood and thunder, retinal hemorrhages)

73
Q

diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia

A

vertibrobasilar insufficiency

74
Q

unilateral foul smelling or purulent nasal discharge in peds patient

A

nasal foreign body

75
Q

bullous myringitis

A

mycoplasma pneumonia

76
Q

tinnitus and metabolic acidosis

A

salicylate ingestion

77
Q

sudden dizziness, N&V, NO tinnitus, hearing loss, recent URI

A

vestibular neuronitis, labrynthitis

78
Q

sudden dizziness, vertigo, hearling loss, tinnitus

A

meniere’s disease. tx with diuretics and low sodium diet

79
Q

unilateral nerve deafness in middle age patient

A

acoustic neuroma–order MRI

80
Q

horizontal nystagmus, acute onset vertigo

A

peripheral lesion

81
Q

vertical nystagmus, insidious onset vertigo

A

central lesion (tumor)

82
Q

smoker, white mouth lesion that cannot be rubbed off

A

leukoplakia, rule out oral cancer

83
Q

gray pharyngeal pseudomembrane, rash, splenomegaly, supraclavicular LA

A

diptheria

84
Q

philidelphia chromosome

A

CML

85
Q

Auer rods

A

AML

86
Q

reed-sternberg cells

A

hodgkin’s lymphoma

87
Q

anemia after colectomy, partial gastrectomy, glossitis, decreased vibratory sensation

A

B12 or pernicious anemia

88
Q

G6PD plus quinidine, nitrofuantoin, sulfa

A

hemolytic anemia

89
Q

elevated Hgb, splenomegaly, post showering pruritis, plethora, engorged retinal veins

A

polycythemia vera. Tx = phlebotomy

90
Q

mucosal or gingival bleeding, epistaxis, menorrhagia

A

von willebrand disease

91
Q

Tzank smear

A

herpes virus

92
Q

acetowhitening

A

condyloma acuminata

93
Q

wood’s light fluoroscopy

A

dermatophytes infections, erythrasma (coral red)

94
Q

bite with local edema, erythema, central necrosis

A

brown recluse

95
Q

bite with fever, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, bradycardia, HTN, tachyarrhythmias

A

black widow (neurotoxin)

96
Q

woods, forest, hikers, macular rash at wrist, ankles, then moves up to extremities then trunk. after 5 days, rash at palms and soles

A

RMSF (rickettsia rickettsia)

97
Q

indirect immunofluorescent ab, weil-felix rxn, compliment

A

RMSF rickettsia

98
Q

target lsion, arthralgia, bell’s palsy

A

lyme disease (borrelia burgdorfi)

99
Q

intense pruritis, burrow like lesions at wrists, elbows, hands, web spaces

A

scabies

100
Q

raccoons, bats, skunks

A

rabies.

101
Q

gangrene

A

clostridium infection–anaerobic bacteria. tx with hyperbaric oxygen, penicillins, surgical excision

102
Q

gram negative intracellular diplococci

A

gonorrhea

103
Q

FTA-ABS, MTA-TP

A

syphilis diagnosis

104
Q

malaria prophylaxis

A

chloroquine

105
Q

pain at base of thumb, distal radial stylid, pain reproduced with ulnar deviation of clenched fist

A

deQuervain’s tenosynovitis

106
Q

FOOSH, radial fx with dorsal displacement, dinner fork deformity

A

colles fx, tx = volar splint

107
Q

football player with burning pain, numbness, tingling from shoulder to hand which resolves

A

brachial plexus neurapraxia “stinger” caused by stretching of brachial plexus

108
Q

scoliosis angle

A

> 25 degree cobb angle

109
Q

8-10 yo male with limp, knee pain

A

legg-calve-perthes disease

110
Q

HLA-B27

A

ankylosing spondylitis, reiter’s syndrome

111
Q

positive ANA, anti-double stranded DNA antibodies, + anti-phospholipid antibodies

A

SLE

112
Q

dusky red, well localized single or multiple papules or plaques usually of face

A

discoid lupus

113
Q

osteomyelitis after stepping on nail

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

114
Q

teenage female with long bone pain w/o trauma or injury. XR w/ lytic mass, multi luminated periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma

115
Q

periosteal onion skin reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma

116
Q

painless bony mass…plain films show stalky or broad based projection from bone surface

A

osteochondroma

117
Q

lytic lesions in back or skull

A

multiple myeloma

118
Q

patient on antipsychotic meds develops altered consciousness, lead pipe rigidity, catatonia, hyperthermia, tachypnea, blood pressure changes, diaphoresis

A

neuroleptic malignant syndrome. tx is supportive care and antipyretics

119
Q

infrequent blinking, tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, shuffling gait, masked facies

A

parkinson’s

120
Q

short lived, intense relationships. difficulty controlling anger, hx sexual promiscuity and substance abuse

A

borderline personality disorder

121
Q

extrapyradimindal signs, BP changes, latered consciousness, hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, dysarthria, CV instability, fever, pulmonary congestion, diaphoresis, pt on antipsychotic meds

A

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

122
Q

hyponatremia with bizarre behavior

A

lithium toxicity

123
Q

antidepressant use with anticholinergic side effects, dry mouth, dysrhythmias, sedation, orthostatic hypotension

A

TCA overdose

124
Q

male with gynecomastia, diminished or delayed secondary sex characteristics, small and firm testicles, long arms and legs

A

Klinefelter syndrome XXY. low serum testosterone and infertility

125
Q

spontaneous bloody, serous, or cloudy nipple discharge

A

intraductal papilloma

126
Q

adolescent female with midcycle pain alternating from left to right side, relieved with NSAIDS

A

Mittelschmerz

127
Q

chocolate cyst

A

endometriosis

128
Q

dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschezia, uterus fixed and retroflexed, cyclic pelvic pain

A

endometriosis

129
Q

firm irregular shaped, nontender, enlarged uterus

A

leiomyoma

130
Q

softened, tender, diffusel globular uterine enlargement

A

adenomyosis

131
Q

unlilateral mobile tender adenexal mass…6cm ish

A

tubo-ovarian abscess

132
Q

nagels rule

A

LMP +7 -3 mo

133
Q

pregnant + rash, post-auricular or occipital LAD

A

rubella. give vaccine after delivery

134
Q

pregnant, less 20 wks gestation with vaginal bleeding, abd and pelvic pain, blood from closed cervical os

A

threatened abortion

135
Q

pregnant less 20 wks gestation with vaginal bleeding, abd and pelvic pain, tissue at or said to be passed from open cervical os

A

incomplete abortion (complete will have empty uterus, complete passage of fetal tissue and pain resolves after passage)

136
Q

postpartum hemorrhage

A

uterine atony tx with massage

137
Q

postmenopausal vaginal bleeding

A

endometrial cancer. do endometrial biopsy

138
Q

postmenopausal adnexal mass

A

ovarian cancer

139
Q

procainamide, hydralazine, rash

A

lupus-type eruptions

140
Q

photosensitive rash

A

TCN, sulfa drugs

141
Q

coral red on wood’s light

A

erythrasma

142
Q

KOH

A

fungus, candida. hyphae, buds, spagetti and meatballs

143
Q

gram stain

A

bacterial infection

144
Q

beefy red, sharp bordered rash in groin and under breast folds with satellite lesions

A

candida. tx = nystatin/lotrimin cream if fails ketoconazole

145
Q

red, less distinct borders. coral red on woods

A

erythrasma

146
Q

distinct, sharp raised demarcated border with fever, chills. group A strep

A

erysipelas

147
Q

grouped vesicles on erythematous base

A

herpes virus

148
Q

infant or peds patient with grouped vesicles on thumb or tapicoa vesicles on thumb

A

herpetic whitlow

149
Q

pain preceding vesicular rash in dermatomal pattern

A

herpes zoster

150
Q

cough coryza conjunctivitis

A

rubeola (measles)

151
Q

small white papules on diffusely red base on buccal mucosa

A

Koplick spots (rubeola) aka measles

152
Q

pastia’s lines, positive ASO titer

A

scarlet fever (group A strep)

153
Q

strawberry tongue

A

scarlet fever (group A strep)

154
Q

pruritic raised erythematous plaques

A

urticaria

155
Q

dewdrops on rose petal, pustules and vesicles at different stages of healing

A

varicella (chicken pox)

156
Q

flesh colored, pink or yellow-brown lesion with rough, sandpaper feel, at sun-exposed areas

A

actinic keratosis

157
Q

non-pruritic, raised, warty brown black plaques stuck onto skin feel greasy

A

seborrheic keratosis

158
Q

flat brown spots with sharp borders on dorsum of hand

A

lentigines

159
Q

erythematous, dome-shaped nodule with central plug

A

keratocanthoma

160
Q

pearly papules with umbilicated center

A

molluscum contagiosum

161
Q

sexually active person with rash on palms and soles, general LAD

A

secondary syphilis (money spots) VDRL will confirm

162
Q

hypopigmented lesions, white, scaly, gets worse with tanning or sun exposure

A

pityriasis alba

163
Q

erythematic ring with scaly border and central clearing

A

tina (fungal infection) KOH prep = hyphae

164
Q

thick, yellow, brittle nails

A

onychomycosis tx = terbinafine

165
Q

infant with erythematous, scaly, crusty lesions at vertex of scalp

A

cradle cap (seborrheic dermatitis)
tx with baby shampo, olive oil, hydrocortisone cream
adults treat with selenium slufide shampoo

166
Q

children <10yo with vesicles on pharynx, mouth, hands, feet, with no ulceration

A

hand-foot-mouth disease. coxksackie virus

167
Q

healthy looking less than 5yo with lace-like rash on both cheeks and red papules

A

erythema infectiosum (slapped cheeck) disease…fifths disease

168
Q

truncal rash in pediatric after fever

A

roseola infantum (herpesvirus) motrin, symptommatic tx

169
Q

fever, pharygitis, sandpaper rash over face, neck, trunk, extremities

A

scarlet fever

170
Q

high fever x 5days, then rash. may have conjunctivitis, cracking, lip fissures

A

Kawasakis disease. look for cardiac complications

171
Q

erythema marginatum

A

rheumatic fever

172
Q

auspitz sign, koebner’s phenomena

A

psoriasis

173
Q

rate bite erosions on XR

A

psoriatic arthritis

174
Q

ddark skinned person with whitening or lightening of skin. hx of pernicious anemia or other autoimmune diseases

A

vitilligo. skin biopsy to dx

175
Q

introduce solid foods

A

4-6 months.

176
Q

first tooth

A

6-8mo

177
Q

3 words, feeds self with spoon, build tower

A

2 yrs

178
Q

walks alone

A

15 mo

179
Q

positive osmotic fragility test

A

G6/PD deficiency (hemolytic anemia with oxidative drugs - sulfa, nitrofurantoin, quinidine)

pance randos (4 decks)

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