Assisting in the Analysis of Urine Flashcards
what urine test would be taken first thing in the morning?
pregnancy
casts in a urine specimen develop in what part of the urinary tract?
kidney
what should be done if a urine specimen isn’t going to be analyzed within an hour?
refrigerate the specimen
a cloudy urine specimen may be a result of
crystal
what condition could lead to a blue-green colored urine?
pseudomas infection
urine suspected of having high levels of ________ should be stored in a dark place before testing
bilirubin
the urine pH is alkaline if the pt has _________
bacteriuria
how many antiseptic towelettes should be used for a clean-catch midstream
3
a 24 hr urine sample is ordered to determine ________________
creatine clearance rate
the value specific gravity 1.035 is considered to be ___________
abnormally high
if urine has a fruity odor you would expect the _________ to be elevated
ketones
a female with a UTI would most likely have a positive _______ & ________ on a reagent strip
nitrates & leukocytes
what is one of the first detectable signs of renal disease
proteinuria
what is one the first detectable signs of liver disease
bilirubinuria
a small amount of _______ is always present in normal urine
urobilinogen
what is the normal range for pH in a urine specimen
5.5 - 8.0
in the microscopic observation of urine sediment, yeast resembles _____
RBC
how soon can you detect hCG & what is a hCG test used to test
1 week after implantation or 4 to 5 days before a missed period
- pregnancy
what are tubular structures found in the urine and composed mainly of mucoprotein produced in the kidney
casts
a child whose urine has a mousy smell most likely would be diagnosed with ____
PKY
a _______ sample can be collected at any given time
random
a turbid urine sample means that the specimen is ______
cloudy
when ______ is found in urine it may indicate kidney damage
protein
the _______ in the nephron filters the blood to create a filtrate
glomerulus
which urine specimens are used in diabetes screening and for home diabetes testing programs?
2 hr postprandial urine specimen
3 things that may relate to abnormal urine color
- diet
- medication
- disease
polyuria is common in which of the following clinical situations?
DM
an ammonia or putrid smell in urine can be caused by an ________
infection
what is commonly found in cystitis and in individuals passing a kidney stone
hematuria
the sugar most commonly found in urine is _______
glucose
the pigment that is responsible for the color of urine
urochrome
the study of poisonous substances and their effects on the body
toxicology
what are the end product of fat metabolism in the body
ketones
- T or F
the presence of casts in urine may be caused by strenuous activity
true
- T or F
the clinitest is performed to detect sugars in the urine
true
- T or F
ovulation testing measures the level of hCG in the bloodstream
false
- T or F
ketones may not be present in a urine sample that is at room temp
true
how many liters of urine does the average person produce daily
2 liters
what is the most accurate method of testing urine in pt with diabetes
2nd - voided specimen
what is the presence of intact red blood cells in urine
hematuria
- T or F
reagent strips of urine testing must be performed on a fresh specimen within 1 hour of collection
false
______ deposits are detected in urine after it has cooled
crystal
- T or F
when urine is fresh and warm, trichomonas organisms may be motile and appear to be darting about rapidly when the specimen is examined under a microscope
true
how long should urine be centrifuged ?
3-5 min
what could lead to brown colored urine
old blood and methemoglobin
which vitamin in a large amount can interfere with results of nitrate, glucose, and bilirubin urine results ?
vitamin C
how long can cocaine last in the body for?
12 hrs to 3 days
what can lead to bright yellow urine ?
- riboflavin
- B vitamins
- multivitamins
how long can oxycodone last in the body?
1 - 4 days
_______ means damaging to the kidneys
nephrotoxic
how long can alcohol last in the body
2 - 12 hrs
