Assignment 1 Flashcards
Where are the intervertebral foramina located?
where superior and inferior intervertebral notches meet
What articulates with the superior articular process of the vertebrae?
the inferior articular process of the preceding vertebrae
What two features of a vertebra enclose or surround the vertebral foramen?
- body
* vertebral arch
What direction is the curvature that is formed by the cervical vertebrae?
concave posteriorly (convex anteriorly)
What is the purpose of curvatures in the vertebral column?
increase strength, resilience, and flexibility of vertebral column
What passes through the sacral foramina?
nerves
What is the most inferior region of the vertebral column? What marking on the sacrum denotes the beginning of the true pelvic cavity?
- coccyx
* sacral promontory
How many sacral vertebrae are there before they fuse together?
5
What are the most common sites of metastatic disease within the bone? (4)
vertebral bodies, pelvic bones, & ribs
What is a common diagnostic procedure used to diagnose bone pain to show metastasis from a primary disease?
bone scan using Technetium-99
What radioisotope can be used to treat bone pain?
- Strontium 89 (89SR)
* Samarium 153 (153Sm)
The most common primary tumor that mets to bone is ___________.
lung cancer
What is a laminectomy and when might it be performed?
A surgical procedure to remove the lamina of the vertebrae to decompress and expose the spinal cord
What are the four most common presenting symptoms of spinal cord compression?
- pain
- weakness
- sensory loss
- autonomic dysfunction (i.e. loss of bowel and bladder sphincter control)
define scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column with excessive right or left curvature in the thoracic region
define kyphosis
excessive curvature of the vertebral column that is convex posteriorly
define lordosis
excessive inward curve of the lower back; excessive convexity (anteriorly) of the lumbar curve of the spine
You are treating the T/L Spine 11/12 – 4/5. What is the depth of treatment for the spine using a PA Field?
7 cm
You are going to setup a patient to treat the sacrum and coccyx area. What type of field is most commonly used?
spade
When treating with a single PA Lumbar Spine field with a field size of 8x14 cm, what is the SSD for this field?
100 cm
In the above field (field size of 8x14 cm), the radiation oncologist wants to treat to the depth of spine. What is the SSD?
100 cm
You are treating an AP/PA Thoracic Spine, 8x20, and separation of 13. What is the SSD?
93.5 cm
In the treatment of a T/L Spine (Setup AP, treat PA) what is the PA SSD?
100 cm
explain the direction of:
X:
Y:
Z:
X: left/right or lateral
Y: in/out or longitudinal
Z: vertical
