Assessment task 1 yr 11 Flashcards
What is Tsarism?
Tsarism refers to the concept of Russia having one strong singular leader who is appointed by God to rule Russia
How long where the romanovs in power?
304 years (1613-1917)
What proportion of Russias population during the reign or the romanovs was russian
50% with 70 different nationalities
What was Russian Geography like?
Difficult ever changing landscape with taiga forrests, tundra and mountians with a harsh climate
What made trade hard in Russia?
The coastlines and water ways where often frozen making navel trade near impossible.
Who where the final five tsars of Russia?
Alexander l, nicholas l, alexadner ll, alexander lll, nicolas ll
What did russia look like under alexander l
a feudal but rising European power who defeated Napoleon.
What was russia like under Alexander ll?
Serfdom was abolished giving 23 millions serfs freedom, but leaving them in poverty.
What Russia like under Alexander lll?
Things were changed back into older ways making more Russiafication
What were the three essential elements in Russian foreign polices and relations
Concern about European balance of power
Russia being a major imperial power
concern to gain a warm sea port
What was Russia standing in Euroupe?
Russia was considered one of Euroupes great powers, however a weakened and unstable power
Who was Russia allied with?
The triple entente with Britan and France, also relations with China
What conflicts was Russia involved in?
The Napolenic invasion, the crimeian war, Russo-Japense war and WW1
What was Russias economic standing in Euroupe?
Fast industrial growth that was behind the rest of Russia as the still prioritised the aragorian way of life
What is the social structure of Russia?
The ruling class/royal family and decisoin makers
The gentry/Landowners, beourcrats, church leaders, military officals
Thje bourgesisie/Business owners and wealthy people
The prolitariot/Industrial workers
The peasents/agriculture workers
What is the issue with Russias social structure?
Promoted privellage, but privellage from birth, not work or utility or merit
What was the difference between russias social structure and the rest of Euroupes?
Russia retained key elements of a feudal systems when other countries like Britan and France were now advanced capatilist societys
Where there political, economic or social greivences in Russia?
Discontent amongst the russian people in rural and urban areas as nearly every social class was unhappy under Nicholas ll
What was conditions like for peasents?
life for peasents was harsh, poverty striken, unstable and hard even with serfdom abolished
How did Tsar Nicholas the second become Tsar?
Became tsar at the age of 26 after his father alexander the third unexpectedly passed away
How many kids did the tsar have?
4 daughters and one son
What political traditions did the Tsar strictly follow?
The Tsars absolute authority, and the image of the Tsar as a sacred figure.
What was his vision as a leader?
people guided by self discipline, ordileness and regularity
Autocratic system key in sustaing Russia and its progress
Characteristics of the Tsar
charming, intelligant, loving, family oreintated, indecisive, switch between decisions
What was the problem with thwe tsarina Alexandra?
She became obbsesivly religous and was able to dominate her husband.
Why was alexandra resented by Russians
She was German
Why was there discontent amongst the Russian people?
Nearly every social class was unhappy under Nicholas the seond
Why was there discontent amongst the peasents and the country side?
Because they were angry about the poverty and had a land hunger
Why was there discontent amongst the cities?
overcrowded housing, inadqequate infastructure, unhygenic conditions, 10-12 hour working days.
What is marixism?
A political philosphy that formed the basis of communism created my Karl Marx.
Why was marxism attractive to the Russian people?
The country was sick of its hireachial structure and poverty and marxism gave them a hope to end that poverty and hireachy
What was the effects or the Russo-Japanese war?
Internal unrest, loss of prestige, weakened autocracy.
What was happening in 1905?
Strikes, protests and rebellions were common but the level and geographical spread of violent oppression towards trhe regime spread as the army turnewd against the regime.
What was bloody sunday?
On Jan 9th 1905 a march of around 100000 people protested and marched led peacfully by father Georigi Gapon to the Tsars winter palace in St Petersberg. They were told by soldiers to leave and as soldiers panicked they opened fire on the crowd and as the shooting continued it turned into a bloody masicare.
Who was Grigori Rasputin?
A siberian monk (faith healer) who was a spiritual advisor and friend to trhe royal family.
Why was Rasputin respected?
In early 20th century Russia, spirtuality, religon and superstition still dominated.
Why was Rasputin a paradox?
Holy man by day but come night he was a drunk who sought sexual conquest.
Why was Rasputin seen a pupiteer?
Seen to manipulate tsarina and government
Why did the royal family invite rasputin and keep him around?
Alexandra invited him to heal their son, and when their son recovered the tsarina became convinced he could control their sons illness.
Impacts of WW1 on Russia?
The war brought terrible suffering to soldiers and civillians creating extremlet low morale within the army and country as a whole. Myth of steamroller army wsas vanquished.
Why was the Tsar blamed for the poor effort in WW1?
When the Tsar declared himself commander and cheif of the army he became a suitable target to blame
Why was WW1 such a disaster for Russia?
Russia suffered defeat after defeat.
What did the Russian army lack?
modern weaponary, supplies, leadership and tactics
What was a major issue within the Russian army?
Organisation continued to deterioate meaning a shortage of ammunition, equitment, medical supplies, and food.
What are the two seperate events of the 1917 revolution?
The febuary revolution and the october revolution.
What led to the dissalusionment and dissapointment of Tsar Nicholas ll
Defeats in WW1, econmic hardship, foood shortages, government corruption
What was the Febuary revolution?
On the 23rd of Febuary 1917, there was inbternational womans day marches which workers joined in on. The days following strikes would grow with the major issues being food shortages. on the 26th of febuary the army mutinates and teh regime loses control of the army. 2nd of March the Tsar abdicates
Who was given the thrown after the tsars abdication
Many thought he would give the thrown to his son but instead he gave it to his brother Micheal who refuses the thrown
Who was the provisional government?
A temporary government that took over from the tsar until they could elect an offical government
Who made up the seats in the provisional government?
The bourgesisie/capatilist class
Who was the Duma?
The lower house of parliament who advised the Tsar
Who was Alexander Kerensky?
the head of the provsional government
What did the provsional government do that annoyed the population of Russia?
Continued Russias involvment in WW1
What was the october revolution?
Vladimir Lenin led the bolshviks in an uprising against the provisonal government to replace it with a soviet government. They occupuied government buildings and other strategic locations in an almost bloodless revoult. Lenin becomes first dictator of a communist state.
What was the Russian Civil War?
Lenins revoult leads to a civil wear between the whites and reds. Thew reds fought for lenin and the whites were lossley formed allies of capitalists and monarchists. In 1925 Lenins army claimed victory.
