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Clinical Nutrition Care Applications > Assessment of Vitamin and Mineral Status > Flashcards

Assessment of Vitamin and Mineral Status Flashcards

1
Q

two classifications of minerals

A

major and trace

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2
Q

two classifications of vitamins

A

water- and fat-soluble

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3
Q

functions of minerals in our body

A

building blocks for body tissue
metalloenzymes

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4
Q

functions of vitamins in our body

A

coenzymes in variety of reactions
help modulate gene expression

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5
Q

definition of mineral

A

inorganic element essential to life

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6
Q

definition of vitamin

A

organic compound essential to life

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7
Q

% absorbed + notes on absorption: calcium

A

25-30%
dependent on food source and vitamin D status

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8
Q

% absorbed + notes on absorption: iron

A

heme: 5-35% (animal)
elemental: 2-25% (plant)
increased and decreased by certain compounds found in foods

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9
Q

% absorbed + notes on absorption: zinc

A

15-35%
much better absorbed from animal sources

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10
Q

% absorbed + notes on absorption: iodine

A

90%
typically don’t have to think about absorption, just consumption

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11
Q

% absorbed + notes on absorption: folic acid

A

85-100% vs. 50%
synthetic sources are better absorbed than natural folates

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12
Q

notes on absorption: vitamin A and D

A

increased by fat in meals

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13
Q

where are phytates found?

A

whole grains, nuts, seeds, some vegetables, soy

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14
Q

what do phytates decrease absorption of?

A

calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium

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15
Q

where are oxalates found?

A

some vegetables and nuts (spinach, chard, rhubarb, gooseberries, sweet potato, cassava, almonds) cocoa, wheat germ

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16
Q

what do oxalates decrease absorption of?

A

calcium, iron, magnesium

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17
Q

where are tannins found?

A

tea, cocoa, red wine, rhubarb, cranberries, sorghum, barley, some legumes

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18
Q

what do tannins decrease the absorption of?

A

non-heme iron

19
Q

where is fiber found?

A

whole grains, fruits, vegetables

20
Q

what does fiber decrease the absorption of?

A

magnesium, zinc, and other minerals

21
Q

what does vitamin C increase the absorption of?

A

iron and possibly zinc

22
Q

what does citric acid increase the absorption of?

A

iron and zinc

23
Q

what other organic acids increase iron and zinc absorption?

A

lactic, tartaric, acetic, malic, erythrobic

24
Q

what does meat/heme increase absorption of?

A

zinc and iron

25
Q

what does soaking, sprouting, leavening, and fermenting do to absorption?

A

increases zinc absorption

26
Q

what does dietary fat do for absorption?

A

enhances absorption of fat-soluble nutrients

27
Q

which nutrients are better absorbed as synthetic versions?

A

folic acid (rather than folate)
B12 supplement (rather than animal sources)

28
Q

examples of functional assays

A

thiamine: erythrocyte transketolase
riboflavin: erythrocyte glutathione reductase
niacin: urinary metabolites (NMN and 2-pyridine)
B12: methylmalonic acid

29
Q

what does pale conjunctiva indicate?

A

iron deficiency

30
Q

what does bulging of the eyes indicate?

A

grave’s disease

31
Q

what do bitot’s spot indicate?

A

vitamin A deficiency

32
Q

what does angular cheilitis indicate?

A

vitamin B deficiencies

33
Q

what does a beefy tongue indicate?

A

B12 deficiency

34
Q

what does scurvy indicate?

A

vitamin C deficiency

35
Q

what does petechiae indicate?

A

vitamin C deficiency

36
Q

what does pellagra indicate?

A

vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency

37
Q

what are the four D’s of niacin deficiency?

A

dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death

38
Q

what does a goiter indicate?

A

iodine and/or selenium deficiency

39
Q

what do spoon-like nails indicate?

A

iron deficiency

40
Q

what micronutrients are in the food group: grains

A

CHO
thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, iron, fiber, magnesium, zinc, vit E, folate (fortified)

41
Q

what micronutrients are in the food group: fruit/veggies

A

CHO
folate, fiber, carotenoids (vit A), potassium, vit C, vit K, phytochemicals

A Fuzzy POtato Can Kill

42
Q

what micronutrients are in the food group: dairy

A

PRO
calcium, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin, vit B12, vit A, vit D

At Dinner, 12-Boys Consumed POtatoes, Pheasant, Rabbit

43
Q

what micronutrients are in the food group: meat, fish, legumes

A

PRO
thiamin, niacin, iron, zinc, vit B12 (meat), fiber, magnesium (legumes)

44
Q
A

Clinical Nutrition Care Applications (10 decks)

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