Assessment of the Week

Question 1

What stimulates the lactiferous duct system to grow at puberty

Answer 1

oestrogen

Question 2

What stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk?

Answer 2

prolactin

Question 3

What stimulates the myoepithelisal cell lining the milk ducts to contract?

Answer 3

oxytocin

Question 4

What is the most common histological type of breast cancer is?

Answer 4

invasive ductal carcinoma

Question 5

Where does the breast overlie?

Answer 5

ribs 2-6, and pectoral fascia

Question 6

Medially, breast blood supply is from where?

Answer 6

branches of the internal thoracic and anterior intercostal arteries

Question 7

Should a woman breastfeeding with an abscess be referred to the clinic?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

Is early menopause a risk factor for breast cancer?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

Is the combined oral contraceptive pill a risk factor?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

What is the percentage of breast cancers have a strong inherited familial risk?

Answer 10

5%

Question 11

Is hair loss related to adjuvant breast radiotherapy?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

What toxicities are related to adjuvant breast radiotherapy?

Answer 12

Brachial plexopathy, fatigue, local skin reaction, pulmonary fibrosis

Question 13

Is Latissimus dorsi reconstruction a free flap?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

Is Latissimus dorsi reconstruction always performed as an immediate breast reconstruction?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

Is Latissimus dorsi reconstruction always harvested by plastic surgeons?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

Does latissimus dorsi reconstruction requires an additional breast implant to be inserted?

Answer 16

it may do

Question 17

A 55 year old female patient presents with scaling of the left nipple. She tried E45 and hydrocortisone cream prescribed by her GP for the past 4 weeks without any improvement.

Answer 17

Duct papilloma

Question 18

A 53 year old female patient has been recalled after her first screening mammogram showing extensive microcalcifications in the inner quadrant of her left breast.

Answer 18

Ductal carcinoma in situ

Question 19

A 28 year old woman presents with a painless, firm, discrete, mobile mass, which has a solid appearance on ultrasound scan.

Answer 19

Sclerosing adenosis

Question 20

A 38 year old presents with lumpy breasts, which are painful pre-menstrually. On ultrasound scan there are several fluid filled cysts measuring from 5-15mm.

Answer 20

fibrocytic change

Question 21

A 60 year old woman presents with multiple small firm lumps in both breast. On mammogram there are scattered microcalcifications

Answer 21

fibroadenoma

Question 22

What is a recognised health benefit to an infant of breast feeding? :

Answer 22

They are less likely to develop eczema

Question 23

Are any of the following recognised health benefits to an infant of breast feeding? prevention of : Crohn’s, dementia, schizophrenia, anorexia

Answer 23

nope

Question 24

A 26 year old female patient, 3 weeks post-partum, breast feeding, presents with a hot swollen erythematous looking right breast with a fluctuant 3 cm breast lump

Answer 24

breast abscess

Question 25

Should you ask the patient to squeeze her nipple if discharge suspected?

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

How should general inspection be performed?

Answer 26

with the patient sitting up, with arms by side, above head and on hips.