Assessment of Intelligence part 1 Flashcards
What is intelligence?
Slide gives about 10 different expert opinions.
e.g. The ability to adapt oneself to new situations in life (R.Pinter)
e. g. Power of good responses from the point of view of truth or fact (E.L. Thorndike)
e. g. The capacity to acquire capacity (H. Woodrow)!!
What is important when it comes to testing a construct like intelligence?
You need good understanding of construct, and have your own definition that you’ll create your items from e.g. what defines courage.
verbal intelligence?
- general learning and comprehension
- good vocabulary
- reads with high comprehension
- is intellectually curious
problem solving ability?
• abstract thinking or reasoning • can apply knowledge to tasks at hand • plans ahead • solves problems well
Practical intelligence?
- real-world adaptive behaviours
- sizes-up situations well
- determines how to achieve goals
- Displays awareness of the world
Who is Charles Spearman?
- found ‘general cognitive ability’ or ‘g’
-he decided that intelligence was a general mental ability. -The more g you have the better.
-he was a ‘lumper’ he thought all constructs can be measured in ONE test, that correlated
with overall intelligence. He thought intelligence is one construct.
-the father of all tests!
Splitters?
Example of theorist?
Splitters think there are a series of
things that make up intelligence, series of unrelated things.
E.g. Guildford’s model of intelligence had 120 items measuring subsets like memory, evaluation, systems
(guildford is one of many suburbs)
Who was Thurstone?
Tested for seven primary mental abilities to make up the ‘Thurstone’s model’.
To remember them:
(wimps nv- wimps not v)
(Thurstone-small stones make up a big rock)
- V: verbal comprehension and meaning (e.g., what does the word delineate mean?)
- W: word fluency (how many words can be made from the letters G-E-N-E-R-A-T-I-O-N)
- N: number facility (simple maths e.g. what is 7 X 12)
- S: space ( are there two items the same or mirror images?)
- M: memory (e.g., repeat these numbers forward and backwards)
- P: perceptual speed (quickly grasp similarities & differences)
- I: induction (finding a rule or principal)
What model is the current most popular intelligence model? What is it?
Carrol’s 3 tier model
A hierarchical model of intelligence involving a mix of lumpers and splitters.
General intelligence ‘g’ feeds off into other factors.
What are the three stratums in Carrol’s 3 tier model?
- General (stratum 3) e.g. ‘g’
- Broad (stratum 2) e.g. fluid intelligence/crystallised intelligence/processing speed/general memory
- Narrow (stratum 1) e.g. reading comprehension, speed of reasoning.
Fluid knowledge (Gf)
Fluid intelligence is defined as the ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns. Fluid because they can be applied to everything.
Crystallised knowledge (Gc)
expertise resulting from the lifelong process of learning of crystallised, set information. Specific knowledge learnt at school e.g. geography, culture
Name the correlations between two girls’ intelligence AND what this suggests.
IDENTICAL TWINS REARED TOGETHER
IDENTICAL TWINS REARED APART
together = 0.85 apart = 0.67
Suggests: genetics play a big role. So does environment, but genetics is imp. Generally the more genetic load, the higher correlation. e.g. identical twins share higher genetic load than fraternal.
5 environmental influences on IQ?
- Prenatal and early developmental influences (e.g., complications during labour, Birth Weight, Anoxia)
- Malnutrition and Famine
- Family background (e.g., income, education, occupation of parents, family atmosphere)
- Psychosocial factors (e.g., quality of language, opportunities for enlarging vocabulary, appreciation of achievement)
- Amount of schooling
Why are infant IQ tests helpful?
They’re not. TRICK QUESTION.
under 36 months, and these tests cant predict intelligence in future. only tests whether they can e.g. crawl, or turn head to side, not cognitive skills.
