Assessment of Disorders of Development [2]

Question 1

What is normal development?

Answer 1

An individual who grows and matures on an expected path and achieves developmental milestones appropriately

Question 2

How do you evaluate and assess development?

Answer 2

• History (Milestones)
• Parent report questionnaires: Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ)
• Physical examination
• Formal evaluation by Child development team

Question 3

What is abnormal development?

Answer 3

An individual who is unable to achieve developmental milestones as expected compared to those of similar age

Question 4

How are DD, ID, CP, autism, developmental disability different?

Answer 4

All children with intellectual disability have developmental delay but not all children with developmental delay have intellectual disability. Developmental Disability is similar to Developmental Delay but is more of an umbrella term that includes ID

Question 5

How do you diagnose the various abnormal development disorders?

Answer 5

History and physical examination
Metabolic testing
Cytogenetic studies
Lead and thyroid testing
EEG
Neuroimaging

Question 6

What causes DD?

Answer 6

1. Congenital: CNS malformations or intrauterine acquired such as Infections (CMV, toxo, etc), Toxins (alcohol), Stroke or other unknown etiologies
2. Genetic: Fragile X, Trisomy 21, mosaicism, imprinting
3. Acquired/Postnatal: TORCHES, Perinatal stroke, Infections, Nutritional, Metabolic, Epileptic encephalopathy

Question 7

Developmental Delay

Answer 7

Usually 2 standard deviations below the mean for a child’s chronological age
Prematurity correction

Developmental quotient = developmental age/ chronological age

> 85 give reassurance
70-85 close monitoring

Question 8

Intellectual Disability

Answer 8

Present from childhood (18 yrs or less)
Intellectual functioning at least 2 SD below mean (IQ 2 adaptive skill areas: Communication, Self care, Home living, Social skills, Community use, Self direction, Health and safety, Functional academics, Leisure and work

Question 9

Cerebral Palsy

Answer 9

Acquired, non-progressive, motor impairment
Onset in utero, infancy or early development

• Spastic: 70-80% (Quadriplegic, Diplegic/paraplegic , Hemiplegic)
• Athetoid/dyskinetic ~20%
• Ataxic

Question 10

Autism

Answer 10

A restricted repertoire of interests, behaviors, and activities, impairment of social interaction/communication

Delays or abnormal functioning in at least one of the following areas, with onset prior to age 3
Social interaction
Language as used in social communications
Symbolic or imaginative play
Symbolic play emerges around 20 months
Imaginative play around 2 years

Question 11

Developmental Disability

Answer 11

Severe, chronic disability of an individual 5 years of age or older that is attributable to a mental or physical impairment or combination Is manifested before the person attains age 22. Is likely to continue indefinitely

Substantial functional limitations in three or more areas of major life activity:
Self care
Receptive and expressive language
Learning
Mobility
Self-direction
Capacity for independent living
Economic self-sufficiency

Question 12

What causes ID?

Answer 12

x

Question 13

What causes CP?

Answer 13

x

Question 14

What causes autism?

Answer 14

x

Question 15

What causes developmental disability?

Answer 15

x