Assessment, Careers, and Business

Question 1

A test that usually focuses more on informal as opposed to formal learning experiences and is designed to measure both learning and inborn potential for the purpose of making predictions about the testtaker’s future performance; also referred to as a prognostic test and, especially with young children, a readiness test

Answer 1

Aptitude test

Question 2

An organizationally standardized procedure for evaluation involving multiple assessment techniques

Answer 2

Assessment center

Question 3

A presumably learned disposition to react in some characteristic manner to a particular stimulus

Answer 3

Attitude

Question 4

A psychological syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment

Answer 4

Burnout

Question 5

A rating, categorizing, or “pigeonholing” with respect to two or more criteria; contrast with screening, selection, and placement

Answer 5

Classification

Question 6

A sample of respondents selected by demographic and other criteria, who have contracted with a consumer or marketing research firm to respond on a periodic basis to surveys, questionnaires, and related research instruments regarding various products, services, and/or advertising or other promotional efforts

Answer 6

Consumer panel

Question 7

The branch of social psychology dealing primarily with the development, advertising, and marketing of products and services

Answer 7

Consumer psychology

Question 8

In workplace settings, a procedure that entails recording employee behavior evaluated as positive or negative by a supervisor or other rater

Answer 8

Critical incidents technique

Question 9

A variety of consumer panel in which respondents have agreed to keep diaries of their thoughts and/or behaviors

Answer 9

Diary panel

Question 10

An adaptation of Lazarus’s multimodal clinical approach for use in qualitative research applications, designed to ensure that the research is comprehensive and systematic from a psychological perspective and guided by discussion questions based on the seven modalities (or dimensions) named in Lazarus’s model, which are summarized by the acronym BASIC ID (behavior, affect, sensation, imagery, cognition, interpersonal relations, and drugs). Cohen’s adaptation of Lazarus’s work adds an eighth dimension, sociocultural, changing the acronym to BASIC IDS

Answer 10

Dimensional qualitative research

Question 11

A state in which the primary force driving an individual comes from external sources (such as a salary or bonus) and external constraints (such as job loss)

Answer 11

Extrinsic motivation

Question 12

(1) In the general context of the miss rate of a test, an inaccurate prediction of classification indicating that a testtaker did not possess a trait or other attribute being measured when in reality the testtaker did; (2) in drug testing, an individual tests negative for drug use when in reality there has been drug use

Answer 12

False negative

Question 13

(1) In the general context of the miss rate of a test, an inaccurate prediction or classification indicating that a testtaker did possess a trait or other attribute being measured when in reality the testtaker did not; (2) in drug testing, an individual tests positive for drug use when in reality there has been no drug use

Answer 13

False positive

Question 14

Qualitative research conducted with a group of respondents who typically have been screened to qualify for participation in the research

Answer 14

Focus group

Question 15

A procedure entailing the distribution of a predetermined number or percentage of assessees into various categories that describe performance (such as categories ranging from “unsatisfactory” to “superior”)

Answer 15

Forced distribution technique

Question 16

A screening instrument designed to predict who will and will not be an honest employee

Answer 16

Integrity test

Question 17

A state in which the primary force driving an individual comes from within, such as personal satisfaction with one’s work; contrast with extrinsic motivation

Answer 17

Intrinsic motivation

Question 18

A pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experience

Answer 18

Job satisfaction

Question 19

The strength of an individual’s identification with and involvement in a particular organization

Answer 19

Organizational commitment

Question 20

The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns characteristic of an organization or company, including the structure of the organization and the roles within it, the leadership style, the prevailing values, norms, sanctions, and support mechanisms, as well as the traditions and folklore, methods of enculturation, and characteristic ways of interacting with people and institutions outside the culture (such as customers, suppliers, competition, government agencies, and the general public)

Answer 20

Organizational culture

Question 21

(1) In general, a work sample designed to elicit representative knowledge, skills, and values from a particular domain of study; (2) in employment settings, an instrument or procedure that requires the assessee to demonstrate certain job-related skills or abilities under conditions identical or analogous to conditions on the job

Answer 21

Performance task or test

Question 22

The measurement and evaluation of psychological traits, states, values, interests, attitudes, worldview, acculturation, personal identity, sense of humor, cognitive and behavioral styles, and/or related individual characteristics

Answer 22

Personality assessment

Question 23

A disposition, transfer, or assignment to a group or category that may be made on the basis of one criterion

Answer 23

Placement

Question 24

A type of survey used to record votes, usually containing questions that can be answered with a “yes/no” or “for/against” response, typically used to gauge opinion about issues

Answer 24

Poll

Question 25

A work sample; referred to as portfolio assessment when used as a tool in an evaluative or diagnostic process

Answer 25

Portfolio

Question 26

Output or value yielded relative to work effort

Answer 26

Productivity

Question 27

The controversial practice of norming on the basis of race or ethnic background

Answer 27

Race norming

Question 28

A relatively superficial process of evaluation based on certain minimal standards, criteria, or requirements; contrast with selection, classification, and placement

Answer 28

Screening

Question 29

A process whereby each person evaluated for a position is either accepted or rejected; contrast with screening, classification, and placement

Answer 29

Selection

Question 30

An item format characterized by bi-polar adjectives separated by a 7-point rating scale on which respondents select one point to indicate their response

Answer 30

Semantic differential technique

Question 31

In consumer psychology, a fixed list of questions administered to a selected sample of persons, typically to learn about consumers’ attitudes, beliefs, opinions, and/or behavior regarding targeted products, services, or advertising

Answer 31

Survey

Question 32

Two or more people acting interdependently toward a common goal, who have each been assigned specific roles or functions

Answer 32

Team