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Pulmonary > Assessment > Flashcards

Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

How many subjective assessments we have?

A

6

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2
Q

what are the subjective assessments?

A

1)SHORTNESS OF BREATH (DYSPNEA),
2) COUGH,
3) SPUTUM,
4) HEMOPTYSIS,
5) CRITICAL RESPIRATORY (WHEEZING),
6) CHEST PAIN

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3
Q

increase in respiratory work is indicator of?

A

dyspnea

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4
Q

 Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC)
 Oxygen Cost Diagram,
 Basal Dyspnea Index
are for?

A

dyspnea scales

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5
Q

what are the grades of dyspnea ?

A

from 0-4

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6
Q

grade 0
grade 1
grade 2
grade 3
grade 4
are for?

A

0= breathiness after strenuous exercise
1= walking on slight hill
2= walking slower
3= stop for breathing after walking 100 yards
4= breathless when I’m dressing

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7
Q

wake up with shortness of breath at night is ?

A

PND
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

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8
Q

A protective reflex that removes air
secretions and foreign bodies is?

A

cough

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9
Q

Yellow or opac sputum indicates?

A

White blood cell, bacterial infection

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10
Q

green
white/grey
pink
sticky
viscose
are indications to which kind of sputum?

A

negative bacteria
Astma, cronic bronchitis
Pulmonary edema
adhesive secretion
Thick, viscose, sticky

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11
Q

Musical sound or whistling sound when
turbulent air flow passes through narrowed
airways is?

A

wheezing

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12
Q

a sound that occurs during
inspiration and is caused by upper airway
obstruction is?

A

stridor

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13
Q

what are the kinds of chest pain ?

A

Pleuritic chest pain
Tracheitis
Musculoskeletal pain

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14
Q

ncreased, severe and sharp
pain during inspiration. Inflammation of the
parietal pleura is?

A

Pleuritic chest pain

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15
Q

Flammable pain in the middle of the
chest and exacerbated by breathing is?

A

tracheitis

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16
Q

what are the objective assessments?

A

1- vital signs
2- chest assessment
3- exercise tolerance
4- lab

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17
Q

what are the vital signs?

A

tempreture
heart rate
blood pressure
respiratory frequency
oxygen saturation

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18
Q

extreme temperature
high temperature
low temperature
are?

A

hyperpyrexia
hyperthermia
hypothermia

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19
Q

from where heart rate can be measured ?

A

temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial,
femoral, popliteal, pedal (dorsalis pedis), and
posterior tibial

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20
Q

what is tachycardia? and bradycardia?

A

tachycardia, heart rate more than 100 beats
bradycardia, heart rate less than 60 beats

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21
Q

Ventricular contraction → Systolic blood pressure
Ventricular relaxation → Diastolic blood pressure

true or false?

A

true

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22
Q

90/60 mmHg ↓Hypertension
140/90 mmHg ↑Hypotension
true or false

A

false

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23
Q

decrease greater than 5
mmHg in blood pressure while changing position
from supine to sitting or when standing up ↓
is?

A

postural hypotension

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24
Q

Respiratory rate ↑:
Respiratory frequency ↓:
are?

A

tachypnea
bradypnea

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25
Q

what is the normal respiratory frequency?

A

12-20 breaths per minute

26
Q

chest assessment is ?

A

 Inspection
 Palpation
 Percussion
 auscultation

27
Q

redness in eyes due to
dilatation of conjunctival vessels in patients with
Type II respiratory failure
is?

A

frog eyes

28
Q

myosis, ptosis and enophthalmos is?

A

Horner syndrome

29
Q

what is central cynosis?

A

Oxygen saturation falls below
85%, the reduced (non-oxygen) hemoglobin
content 5 g / dl ↑

happens in nose-ear- tongue-dark blue lips

30
Q

give example of peripheral cyanosis

A

finger cuffs

31
Q

hyperinflation is?

A

emphysema

32
Q

hyperinflation is?

A

emphysema

33
Q

what are the primary muscles of respiratory?

A

Inspiration
Diaphragmatic
External intercostals
Scalene muscles

expiration
Elastic retraction of lung tissue
Surface tension
Gravity

34
Q

what are the axillary muscles for respiration?

A

inspiration:
SKM
pectorals
Serratus anterior,
Serratus posterior
superior
Iliocostalis (upper)

expiration:
abdominals
Iliocostalis (lower)
Longissimus (lower)
Serratus posterior
inferior

35
Q

increase in accessory
respiratory muscle
activity is indication of

A

OCPD late stages

36
Q

Respiratory arrest is

A

apnea

37
Q

Progressively faster and
deeper breathing follows progressively slower
and superficial respiration and ends with an
apnea period is?

A

Cheyne-Stokes

38
Q

Kussmaul is?

A

increased respiratory rate and depth

39
Q

what is nasal flaring?

A

infants in respiratory distress
syndrome during inspiration

A facial reflex that increases the movement of
air to the tracheobronchial tree

40
Q

JVB increases in?

A

cor pulmonale

41
Q

average 3-4 cm of sternal angle
on the vertical point is?

A

normal JVB
jugular venous pressure

42
Q

180 degree angle between
finger and nail bed
is?

A

clubbing of the hands

43
Q

carbon dioxide deposition in arterial blood
in lung patients
is?

A

Flapping tremor (asteriksis

44
Q

what is barral chest?

A

like a balloon, when the lungs become overfilled (hyperinflated) with air

45
Q

outward movement of the abdominal region during
expiration is?

A

paradox breathing

46
Q

what is the Pretibial edema?

A

Patients with heart failure,
Cor pulmonale,
Hepatic cirrhosis
Patients with albumin level ↑
Patients with venous return and lymphatic
flow deteriorating,
Patients receiving high-dose corticosteroids

47
Q

how to inspect if there is pretibial edema?

A

If the pit is present on the tibia and medial
malleolus with finger pressure for 5 seconds

48
Q

what kind of palpations we can do?

A

trachea
chest
tactile vocal fremitus

49
Q

what happens when the vibrations are not
transmitted or decreased?

A

consolidation),
atelectasis, pulmonary edema, lung tumors
and pulmonary fibrosis vocal fremitus ↑

50
Q

pleural effusion, pneumothorax),
COPD, tumors, muscular or obese chest wall
when the vocal fremitus decreases
true or false?

A

true

51
Q

The air in the underlying lung is
made to determine the size, limits and
density of the liquid or solid material is??

A

percussion

52
Q

Sound in a normal lung → similar to hitting
watermelon
true or false?

A

true

53
Q

percussion from normal lung
tissue with air
is?

A

resonance

54
Q

empty barrel
hitting sound is ?

A

Hyperrezonance

55
Q

full Barral hitting sound is?

A

hyporrezonance

56
Q

The patient is asked to breathe deeply through the mouth. Downward, right and left lungs are progressively compared
is done with?

A

Ausculation

57
Q

Normal lung sounds are →bronchial, bronchovesicular and vesicular sounds
true or false?

A

true

58
Q

how to assess peripheral muscles?

A

Manual muscle test
Numerical value, digital dynameter

59
Q

intra-oral
pressures measured in
maximal respiration
against a cap that
closes the respiratory
tract.
is?

A

MIP and MEP

60
Q

Measurement of chest circumference is?

A

Axillary region → 4. costal level (two fingers
below the axilla)
Epigastric region → xiphoid protrusion level
Subcostal region → 11-12. over costas

61
Q

exercise tolerance can be evaluated by shuttle walking test and 6 min walking
true or false?

A

true

Pulmonary (4 decks)

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