Assessment Flashcards
How many subjective assessments we have?
6
what are the subjective assessments?
1)SHORTNESS OF BREATH (DYSPNEA),
2) COUGH,
3) SPUTUM,
4) HEMOPTYSIS,
5) CRITICAL RESPIRATORY (WHEEZING),
6) CHEST PAIN
increase in respiratory work is indicator of?
dyspnea
Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC)
Oxygen Cost Diagram,
Basal Dyspnea Index
are for?
dyspnea scales
what are the grades of dyspnea ?
from 0-4
grade 0
grade 1
grade 2
grade 3
grade 4
are for?
0= breathiness after strenuous exercise
1= walking on slight hill
2= walking slower
3= stop for breathing after walking 100 yards
4= breathless when I’m dressing
wake up with shortness of breath at night is ?
PND
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
A protective reflex that removes air
secretions and foreign bodies is?
cough
Yellow or opac sputum indicates?
White blood cell, bacterial infection
green
white/grey
pink
sticky
viscose
are indications to which kind of sputum?
negative bacteria
Astma, cronic bronchitis
Pulmonary edema
adhesive secretion
Thick, viscose, sticky
Musical sound or whistling sound when
turbulent air flow passes through narrowed
airways is?
wheezing
a sound that occurs during
inspiration and is caused by upper airway
obstruction is?
stridor
what are the kinds of chest pain ?
Pleuritic chest pain
Tracheitis
Musculoskeletal pain
ncreased, severe and sharp
pain during inspiration. Inflammation of the
parietal pleura is?
Pleuritic chest pain
Flammable pain in the middle of the
chest and exacerbated by breathing is?
tracheitis
what are the objective assessments?
1- vital signs
2- chest assessment
3- exercise tolerance
4- lab
what are the vital signs?
tempreture
heart rate
blood pressure
respiratory frequency
oxygen saturation
extreme temperature
high temperature
low temperature
are?
hyperpyrexia
hyperthermia
hypothermia
from where heart rate can be measured ?
temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial,
femoral, popliteal, pedal (dorsalis pedis), and
posterior tibial
what is tachycardia? and bradycardia?
tachycardia, heart rate more than 100 beats
bradycardia, heart rate less than 60 beats
Ventricular contraction → Systolic blood pressure
Ventricular relaxation → Diastolic blood pressure
true or false?
true
90/60 mmHg ↓Hypertension
140/90 mmHg ↑Hypotension
true or false
false
decrease greater than 5
mmHg in blood pressure while changing position
from supine to sitting or when standing up ↓
is?
postural hypotension
Respiratory rate ↑:
Respiratory frequency ↓:
are?
tachypnea
bradypnea
what is the normal respiratory frequency?
12-20 breaths per minute
chest assessment is ?
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
auscultation
redness in eyes due to
dilatation of conjunctival vessels in patients with
Type II respiratory failure
is?
frog eyes
myosis, ptosis and enophthalmos is?
Horner syndrome
what is central cynosis?
Oxygen saturation falls below
85%, the reduced (non-oxygen) hemoglobin
content 5 g / dl ↑
happens in nose-ear- tongue-dark blue lips
give example of peripheral cyanosis
finger cuffs
hyperinflation is?
emphysema
hyperinflation is?
emphysema
what are the primary muscles of respiratory?
Inspiration
Diaphragmatic
External intercostals
Scalene muscles
expiration
Elastic retraction of lung tissue
Surface tension
Gravity
what are the axillary muscles for respiration?
inspiration:
SKM
pectorals
Serratus anterior,
Serratus posterior
superior
Iliocostalis (upper)
expiration:
abdominals
Iliocostalis (lower)
Longissimus (lower)
Serratus posterior
inferior
increase in accessory
respiratory muscle
activity is indication of
OCPD late stages
Respiratory arrest is
apnea
Progressively faster and
deeper breathing follows progressively slower
and superficial respiration and ends with an
apnea period is?
Cheyne-Stokes
Kussmaul is?
increased respiratory rate and depth
what is nasal flaring?
infants in respiratory distress
syndrome during inspiration
A facial reflex that increases the movement of
air to the tracheobronchial tree
JVB increases in?
cor pulmonale
average 3-4 cm of sternal angle
on the vertical point is?
normal JVB
jugular venous pressure
180 degree angle between
finger and nail bed
is?
clubbing of the hands
carbon dioxide deposition in arterial blood
in lung patients
is?
Flapping tremor (asteriksis
what is barral chest?
like a balloon, when the lungs become overfilled (hyperinflated) with air
outward movement of the abdominal region during
expiration is?
paradox breathing
what is the Pretibial edema?
Patients with heart failure,
Cor pulmonale,
Hepatic cirrhosis
Patients with albumin level ↑
Patients with venous return and lymphatic
flow deteriorating,
Patients receiving high-dose corticosteroids
how to inspect if there is pretibial edema?
If the pit is present on the tibia and medial
malleolus with finger pressure for 5 seconds
what kind of palpations we can do?
trachea
chest
tactile vocal fremitus
what happens when the vibrations are not
transmitted or decreased?
consolidation),
atelectasis, pulmonary edema, lung tumors
and pulmonary fibrosis vocal fremitus ↑
pleural effusion, pneumothorax),
COPD, tumors, muscular or obese chest wall
when the vocal fremitus decreases
true or false?
true
The air in the underlying lung is
made to determine the size, limits and
density of the liquid or solid material is??
percussion
Sound in a normal lung → similar to hitting
watermelon
true or false?
true
percussion from normal lung
tissue with air
is?
resonance
empty barrel
hitting sound is ?
Hyperrezonance
full Barral hitting sound is?
hyporrezonance
The patient is asked to breathe deeply through the mouth. Downward, right and left lungs are progressively compared
is done with?
Ausculation
Normal lung sounds are →bronchial, bronchovesicular and vesicular sounds
true or false?
true
how to assess peripheral muscles?
Manual muscle test
Numerical value, digital dynameter
intra-oral
pressures measured in
maximal respiration
against a cap that
closes the respiratory
tract.
is?
MIP and MEP
Measurement of chest circumference is?
Axillary region → 4. costal level (two fingers
below the axilla)
Epigastric region → xiphoid protrusion level
Subcostal region → 11-12. over costas
exercise tolerance can be evaluated by shuttle walking test and 6 min walking
true or false?
true
