Assessment Flashcards
To understand the important factors that contribute to a well rounded objective and subjective assessment
Give an overview of some general observations
- Haematoma( bruising)
- Excessive hair growth
- Effusion(swelling)
- Atrophy/Hypertrophy
- Oedema
- Bony deformities
Give 2 key observations of the foot and ankle
- Pes planus - Flat foot
- Pes Cavus- High arch
- Observe in both standing and supine
- Any Erythema/Oedema/Haematoma/Effusion
Give 2 key observations of Gait
- Antalgic ( Limp , pain response)
- Trendelenberg( defective hip abductor mechanism - Gluteus med and min)
Give the key observations of the shoulder-
- Protraction and retraction
- Elevation
- Depression
What red flags indicate a more serious spinal pathology in the lumbar spine?
- Age of consent
- Violent trauma
- Thoracic pain
- PMH- Carcinoma
- Systemic steroids
- Drug abuse
- Unexplained weight loss
- Widespread neurology
- structural deformities
What are the red flags for Cauda Equina Syndrome?
- Difficulty passing urine
- Loss of anal sphincter tone
- Saddle anaesthesia
- Widespread or progressive weakness in the legs or gait disturbance
- Erectile dysfunction or changes in sexual function
Red flags for infection
- Generally feeling unwell
- High temperature
- IVDU
- recent surgery/open wounds
Red flags for a fracture
- Trauma
- Constant pain made worse on weight bearing
- Swelling/bruising
- Steroid use
- Osteoporosis/Osteopenia
Red flags for inflammatory disorders( Ankylosing Spondylitis)
- Gradual onset
- Marked morning stiffness
- Persisting limitation of spinal movements in all directions
- Peripheral joint involvement/tendinopathies/aches
- Skin irritation( Psoriasis)
- Colitis
- Family history
What are the special questions in a Hip assessment?
- Clicking
- Clunking
- Giving way
What would you want to observe in a Hip assessment?
- Posture in different positions
- Assess for deformity/mal-alignment
- Leg length discrepancy
- lower limb rotation
- Observe from different angles
What is the closed pack position of the hip?
Extension and medial rotation
What is the capsular pattern of the hip?
- Flexion, abduction and medial rotation , with extension slightly limited however the order may vary
What muscle tests would you use for the hip?
- Strength, Length, control and stability
What would you be feeling for when palpating in a hip assessment?
- Temperature
- Muscle tone
- Tissue mobility
- Bony alignment
Give the lower limb myotomes , the nerve innervation, the muscle supplied and the action.
L2-3
L2-3 - Femoral nerve , Illio-psoas = Hip Flexion
Give the lower limb myotomes , the nerve innervation, the muscle supplied and the action.
L3-4
Femoral nerve , quadriceps , knee extension
Give the lower limb myotomes , the nerve innervation, the muscle supplied and the action.
L4-5
Deep peroneal nerve, Tibialis anterior , Dorsiflexion.
Give the lower limb myotomes , the nerve innervation, the muscle supplied and the action.
L4-5 S-1
Deep peroneal nerve, Extensor hallucis longus , big toe extension
Give the lower limb myotomes , the nerve innervation, the muscle supplied and the action.
L5-S1
Common peroneal nerve , peroneal longus and brevis, eversion
Give the lower limb myotomes , the nerve innervation, the muscle supplied and the action.
L5-S1-2
Tibial nerve , gastrocnemius and soleus , Plantarflexion.
Give the lower limb myotomes , the nerve innervation, the muscle supplied and the action.
L5-S1
Sciatic nerve , hamstrings , knee flexion
What Myotome would you be testing with the patella tendon reflex?
L3-4 , knee extension
What myotome would you be testing with the achilles tendon reflex?
L5-S1-2 , Plantarflexion
