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Dysphagia > Assessment > Flashcards

Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of assessments

A

screenings, clinical assessment, and instrumental assessments

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2
Q

Clinical Assessments

A

basically assessing everything you can without using external tools. Integrate info from case hx, observations, other professionals. Observe/assess function during speech and swallow tasks of main articulators, identify presence/observe characteristics of dysphagia based on signs and symptoms. Determine if an instrumental assessment is needed, if patient is appropriate for treatment/management, make clinical recommendations

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3
Q

A ___ is something a medical professional can observe in the absence of communication. A ___ is what the individual complains of

A

Sign; symptom

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4
Q

This is an example of a (sign/symptom): “it hurts when I swallow”

A

Symptom

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5
Q

This is an example of a (sign/symptom): the patient coughs, a lot of throat clearing

A

Sign

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6
Q

How respiratory problems affect swallowing

A

depending on severity of respiratory problem, may not be able to withstand swallowing apnea duration. Decreased oxygenation levels indicate higher risk of swallowing impairment. Oxygen starvation and/or respiratory problems are at risk to have a different exhale-swallow-exhale pattern.

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7
Q

t/f: Oxygen starvation and/or respiratory problems are at risk to have a different exhale-swallow-exhale pattern.

A

T

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8
Q

what to look for during CSE of facial muscles/muscles of mastication:

A

strength for opening/closing mandible, palpation of masseter muscles while biting down, assess for TMJ stiffness (aka lockjaw), assess lateral movements

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9
Q

what to look for during CSE of tongue musculature

A

tongue movement (protrusion, lateral, rapid tongue movements, movement of tongue to roof of mouth) protrustion against resistance, inspection for atrophy, structural changes, general assessment of sensation

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10
Q

what to look for during CSE of oral cavity

A

inspect and assess lesions, candidiasis, saliva flow (xerostoma?), general dental status

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11
Q

what to look for during CSE of oropharynx

A

inspect/assess velum. Observe during rest and phonation

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12
Q

what to look for during CSE of pharynx

A

Not able to do! We need instrumentation

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13
Q

what to look for during CSE of larynx

A

ask patient to phonate and note breathiness, hoarseness, wet/gurgling quality. Ask client to complete dry swallow and feel for laryngeal elevation

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14
Q

hierarchy of PO trials

A

thins, nectars, honeys, puddings, puree, mechanical soft, solids

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15
Q

What to look for during PO trials

A

pocketing, labial spillage, slow oral transit time, excessive tongue movement, delayed or reduced laryngeal elevation, coughing/throat clearing (related to PO), wet/gurgly vocal quality, poor secretion management

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16
Q

t/f: ability to self-feed is a strong indicator of safety

A

T

17
Q

instrumental assessments (2 main ones)

A

MBS and FEES

18
Q

indications of assessments (why we should assess)

A

neurological impairments (congential or acquired), structural/mechanical impairment (head/neck cancer, tracheostomy, VF paralysis, spine repair, craniofacial anomalies)

19
Q

contraindications of assessment (why you shouldn’t assess)

A

patient is medically unstable, or unable to cooperate/participate. Patient is unable to be properly positioned, size of patient prevents adequate imagining, allergy to barium

20
Q

when assessing velum function what CN are you assessing

A

IX and X

21
Q

when assessing facial expressions what CN are you assessing

A

VII

22
Q

when assessing mastication what CN are you assessing

A

V

23
Q

when assessing bolus formation what CN are you assessing

A

VII (saliva), V (mastication), XII (tongue)

24
Q

when assessing oral anterior-posterior propulsion what CN are you assessing

A

XII

25
Q

when assessing pharyngeal swallow trigger response what CN are you assessing

A

X

26
Q

when assessing hyolaryngeal excursion what CN are you assessing

A

IX

27
Q

when assessing UES opening what CN are you assessing

A

X

28
Q

when assessing esophageal response what CN are you assessing

A

X

29
Q

entry of a bolus into the laryngeal vestibule but above the VF (does not go below the VF)

A

Penetration

30
Q

food or liquid entering the lungs; material entering the airway below the level of the VF.

A

Aspiration

31
Q

t/f: If someone aspirates, it is given that they have penetrated

A

T

Dysphagia (9 decks)

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