Assessment 1

Question 1

Which one of the following statements regarding the limitations of victim surveys is correct?

1) Victims often forget important facts if they are questioned about them soon after the event
2) Sone victims think that nothing can be done about the matter and never report it
3) Victim surveys reflect the number of offenders, but not the number of crimes
4) Certain offenses are repeatedly committed by different offenders

Answer 1

2) Some victims think that nothing can be done about the matter and never report it

Question 2

Alternative sources of information are needed to establish the true extent of crime patterns. Self reported items aim to measure which characteristics?

Answer 2

Attitudes, values, personal characteristics and behaviours

Question 3

What is the name given to the relatively new criminological technique whereby multiple advanced computational methods are used to analyze large datasets involving one or more data sources?

Answer 3

Data mining

Question 4

What can best be used to create graphic representations of the spatial geography of crime assisting in the analyzing and correlating of data to create detailed visuals of crime patterns?

Answer 4

Crime maps

Question 5

Which perspective assumes that men and woman ‘are the same’ but woman are denied opportunities to do the same things as men including participation in crime?

Answer 5

Liberal feminist approach

Question 6

This group of offenders is notorious for using their learnt skills to commit various offenses.

Answer 6

Criminally violent offenders

Question 7

These offenders as a group are usually acquainted with their victims by being close relatives, friends, schools mates etc. and seldom have a history of prior offenses.

Answer 7

Situationally violent offenders

Question 8

Which statement regarding relative deprivation is correct?

1) Relative deprivation becomes greater when expectations increase or when capabilities decrease
2) Capabilities usually rise faster than expectations, and therefore relative deprivation increases and crime rates rise
3) All of the above
4) None of the above

Answer 8

1) Relative deprivation becomes greater when expectations increase or when capabilities decrease

Question 9

With regard to gender and crime identify the correct statement

1) Females behave as aggressively as males when they have the means to do so and believe that their behaviour is justified
2) Females are less likely to empathize with the victim, in other words, put themselves in the victims place
3) Females are less likely to feel anxious or guilty about behaving aggressively, and these feelings tend to inhibit aggression
4) Females may feel less freedom than males to express anger and aggression in the family setting

Answer 9

1) Females behave as aggressively as males when they have the means to do so and believe that their behaviour is justified

Question 10

With regard to gender and crime identify the correct statement

1) Females arrest rates seem to be increasing at the at a faster pace than that of men
2) Females, under certain circumstances, may be more aggressive than men
3) Woman are generally involved in crime of a less serious nature than men
4) All of the above

Answer 10

4) All of the above

Question 11

What generally accepted explanation is suggested for the enormous difference in crime committed between the genders?

Answer 11

Different methods of socialisation

Question 12

According to which theory are gender and social class differences linked to the structure of the family?

Answer 12

Power-control theory

Question 13

Which theory predicts that male-female differences in delinquency will be greater in patriarchal families and in the lower and working classes where such families are most common?

Answer 13

Power-control theory

Question 14

Which theory holds that males are substantially more likely than females to have delinquent friends and tend to be more strongly influenced by delinquent peers than females?

Answer 14

Differential association

Question 15

With regard to age and criminality identify the correct statement

1) Age is inversely related to criminality - young offenders have the highest crime rates
2) As offenders mature, their offending rate increases
3) Young people are arrested at a proportionate rate to their numbers in the population
4) Universally there is a tendency for criminal involvement to peak during adolescence and upscale thereafter

Answer 15

Age is inversely related to criminality - young offenders have the highest crime rate

Question 16

With regard to habitual criminals identify the correct statement

1) The late onset of crime is a risk factor that may contribute to habitual offending patterns
2) Habitual criminals usually only take stock of their lives in their late thirties or early forties
3) All of the above
4) None of the above

Answer 16

2) Habitual criminals usually only take stock of their lives in their late thirties or early forties

Question 17

Which one of the following can NOT be regarded as a social factor contributing to the high crime rate amongst the youth?

1) Peer pressure & social stressors
2) Available funds surpassing material needs
3) Experiences at school & frustration
4) Advertising stimulating materialistic cravings

Answer 17

2) Available funds surpassing material needs

Question 18

With regard to the needs and motives for criminal behaviour which need encompasses ‘competence and a sense of belonging’?

Answer 18

Psychological need

Question 19

Emotions consist of four main components. Which one of the following is NOT a component of emotion?

1) Feelings
2) Bodily arousal
3) Purposive component
4) Cognition

Answer 19

4) Cognition

Question 20

Emotions are multidimensional, which means that they are studied from many different points of view. With regard to emotions identify the INCORRECT statement

1) They are short-lived
2) They are objective phenomena
3) They are biological reactions
4) They are energy-mobilising responses

Answer 20

2) They are objective phenomena

Question 21

The terms ‘motive’ and ‘intent’ are often viewed as having the same meaning, but this is incorrect. Which one of the following statements refers specifically to ‘intent’?

1) It refers to the reason behind an action
2) It is the causative factor or impetus that drives an action
3) Does not involve conscious deliberation and purposefulness
4) It indicates the desire that a specific result will follow

Answer 21

4) It indicates the desire that a specific result will follow

Question 22

Maslow’s theory is probably one of the most widely cited theories of motivation. To which group of motivation theories does it belong?

Answer 22

Content theories

Question 23

Which theory holds that basic needs must be satisfied before higher order needs can be satisfied?

Answer 23

Maslow’s theory

Question 24

Which one of the following is NOT a component of motivation?

1) Direction
2) Effort
3) Persistence
4) Affection

Answer 24

4) Affection

Question 25

What involves thought, judgement, interpretation and understanding?

Answer 25

Cognition