Assessment 1 Flashcards
- any dietary element or compound that supports normal production, growth, lactation, or maintenance of life processes
Nutrient
is considered to be a nutrient, although for domestic animals it doesn’t totally fit the definition of a nutrient because it’s not generally required in the diet (food) but is usually consumed separately.
water
are large molecules composed of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
proteins
-contain hydrogen and oxygen in the proportions found in water
- are the basic energy source of almost all animal life.
carbohydrates
- is the compound used in animal metabolism as the energy source for biochemical reactions
- animals are not capable of converting all of the available energy in carbohydrates to ATP, with a large part of the energy lost as heat
ATP
as these constituents of plant and animal tissue that are soluble organic solvents like diethyl ether
lipids
-are required in relatively large quantities
- calcium, phosphorus and magnesium examples of these and are major components of the skeletal system and thus function in a structural role
macro-elements
are required in very small amounts
trace elements
can be classified into 2 groups
1. fat-soluble vitamins
2. water-soluble vitamins
vitamins (vial amine)
are vitamin A (retinol), vitamin D (cholecalciferol), vitamin E (a-tocopherol) and vitamin K (phylloqulnone)
fat-soluble vitamins
are vitamin C (ascoric acid) and members of the vitamin B-complex group
water-soluble vitamins
are organic catalysts. catalysts are substances that accelerate chemical reactions
enzymes
- refers to the constancy of the internal environment, whereby cellular metabolism is regulated to attempt to maintain a steady-state condition
- an example is glucose
homeostasis
substances that are produced in one tissue (a gland) and transported to a target tissue, with their production or release regulated by positive or negative feedback inhibition
hormones
refers to the breakdown or oxidation of fuels
catabolism
refers to the synthetic reactions that build up tissues (e.g. protein synthesis)
anabolism
is the orchestrated or coordinated control in metabolism of body tissues necessary to support a physiological state
homeorhesis
what are the 6 classifications of nutrients
- proteins (amino acids)
- carbohydrates (sugars, starches, fibers)
- lipids (fats and oils)
- minerals
- vitamins (fat-soluble and water soluble vitamins)
- water
compared to other physical sciences, why do we not consider “nutrition” as an exact science?
each biological organism is different and requires different things
nutrients that must be included in the diet (limited or no synthesis)
dietary essential nutrients