Assessing Pain: The fifth vital sign

Question 1

This is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience experience, which we primarily associate with tissue damage or describe in terms of damage.

Answer 1

Pain (IASP 2011)

Note:

• International Association for the Study of Pain

Question 2

Pain comes from the Latin word “Poena” which means what?

Answer 2

Penalty or punishment

Question 3

_________ is not part of standard vital sign.

Answer 3

Oxygen saturation

Question 4

“Pain is whatever the person says it is.”

This is the Definition of pain by who?

Answer 4

McCaffery and Pasero

Question 5

Why PAIN should be treated?

Answer 5

• To relieve sufferings.
• Untreated pain will keep getting worse.
• Reflex muscle spasm
• • Respiratory embarrassment (difficulty breathing)
• • Itself can be a major cause of severe pain.

Question 6

What are the 2 Major Classes of Pain Perception?

Answer 6

• Normal or Nociceptive
• Abnormal or Pathophysiologic

Question 7

It is a complex series of physiologic events that occurs between the Initiation of tissue damage and perception of pain.

Answer 7

Nociception

Question 8

What are the 4 Physiologic Processes in Pain Perception (Nociception)?

Answer 8

• Transduction
• Transmission
• Perception
• Modulation

Question 9

EXPLAIN the 4 Physiologic Processes in Pain Perception (Nociception)

Answer 9

• Transduction: This is when the body detects harmful things (like heat or injury) and turns them into signals that the nerves can understand.
• Transmission: The signals travel through the nerves to the spinal cord and then to the brain.
• Perception: The brain then understands these signals as pain, and you feel it.
• Modulation: The brain can adjust how much pain you feel, either making it stronger or weaker, depending on factors like mood or how serious the injury is.

Question 10

Pain is associated with the ff 3 Processes. What are these?

Answer 10

Peripheral Nervous System

• This includes the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. The PNS detects pain signals through specialized nerve endings called nociceptors and sends these signals to the spinal cord.

Autonomic Nervous System

• The ANS controls involuntary body functions like heart rate and digestion. When pain is severe, it can trigger automatic responses such as increased heart rate, sweating, and changes in blood pressure.

Central Nervous System

• This includes the brain and spinal cord. The CNS processes pain signals, interprets them, and creates the sensation of pain. It also plays a role in regulating how much pain we feel through modulation.

Question 11

WHAT IS THIS?

• Spinal nerve acts as a gate to let pain travel through to reach the brain - or close and prevent the pain.

Answer 11

Gate Control Theory

Question 12

WHAT IS THIS?

• The inflammatory process initiates the transmission process and reaches the spinal cord.

Answer 12

Transmission

Question 13

_____________(depression and anxiety) affects the pain perceived and thus reported by the client.

Answer 13

Emotional status

Question 14

What are the 6 Classification of Pain?

Answer 14

• Causes
• Etiology
• Duration
• Intensity
• Location
• Severity

REMEMBER THE ACRONYM CEDILS

Question 15

UNDER CAUSE OF PAIN

What are the 3 Parts?

Answer 15

• Nociceptive
• Neuropathic
• Inflammatory