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Health Assessment Finals > Assessing Abdomen > Flashcards

Assessing Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

a condition in which fluid collects in spaces within your abdomen

A

Ascites

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2
Q

Abdominal Girth

A

Normal Finding: 80 cm

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3
Q

inserts two fingers into the vagina and then places pressure with the other hand to the lower part of the belly.

A

Bimanual Technique

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4
Q

Three layers of muscles

A

External abdominal oblique - outermost layer
Internal Abdominal Oblique - middle layer
Transverse Abdominis - innermost layer

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5
Q

Vertical muscle of the abdominal wall

A

Rectus abdominis

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6
Q

Oponeuroses at the midline of the abdomen forms a white line

A

Linea alba

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7
Q

The largest solid organ in the body
(T12 to L3 vertebrae)

A

Liver (RUQ and extended to the MCL)

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8
Q

Functions of Liver

A

-glucose storage
-formation of blood plasma protein and clotting factors
-urea synthesis
-destruction of red blood cells
-storage of iron and vitamins
-detoxification
-filtration and elimination of metabolic waste products
- blood pressure control and maintenance of water, salt, and electrolytes balances

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9
Q

Located behind the stomach deep in the upper stomach
Functions: endocrine gland and accessory organ of digestion
RUQ to the LUQ

A

Pancreas

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10
Q

Approximately 7cm wide and located above the left kidney just below the diaphram at the level of the ninth, and elevent ribs
Functions: filter the blood of cellular debris, to digest microorganisms and to return the breakdown products to the liver

A

Spleen

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11
Q

It is a distensible, flask-like organ located in the LUQ just below the diaphram and between the lever and spleen

A

Abdominal cavity

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12
Q

Store churn, and digest food

A

Stomach

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13
Q

A muscular sac approximately 10 cm long,
Function: concentrate and store the bile needed to digest fat

A

Gallbladder

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14
Q

Longest portion of the digestive tract ( 7.0m long)
Function: digestion and absorption of nutrients

A

Small intestine

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15
Q

Three major sections of color or large intestine

A

Ascending: right side of the abdomen
Transverse: across upper abdomen
Decending: left side of the abdomen

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16
Q

Toward the the midline

A

Sigmoid colon

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17
Q

Secrete large amount of alkaline mucus to lubricate the intestine and nuetralize acids formed by the intestinal bacteria

A
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18
Q

Temporary receptacle for urine, palpated in the abdomen above the symphysis pubis

A

Urinary bladder

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19
Q

Character
Onset
Location
Duration
Sevirity
Pattern
Associated factors

A

cOLDSPA

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20
Q

Occurs when spicific digestive organs or structures are afected by chemical or mechanical

A

Abdominal pain

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21
Q

Often described as heartburn

A

Ingestion (pyrosis)

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22
Q

Reflect gastric dysfunction and is also associated with many digestive disorders and diseases

A

Nausea

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23
Q

Anorexia

A

Loss of appetite

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24
Q

Older adult clients may experience a decline in appetite from various factors such as altered metabolism, decrease taste sensation, decrease d mobilityand possibly depression. If appetite declines, the client’s risk for nutritional imbalance incrases

A
25
Q

Decrese in the frequency of bowel movement

A

Constipation

26
Q

Frequency of bowel movements producing unformed or liquid stools

A

Diarrhea

27
Q

Older adult client are especially at risk for potential complication with diarrhea- such as fluid volume deficit, dehydration, and electrolyte and acid base imbalances - because they have higher fat-to-lean muscle ratio

A
28
Q

Older adult client are prone to UTIs because the activity of protective bacteria in the urinary tract decline with age

A
29
Q

Occurs when hollow abdominal organ- become disteneded or contract focefully

A

Visceral pain

30
Q

Occurs when the parietal peritoneum becomes inflamed

A

Parietal pain

31
Q

Occurs at distant sites that are innervated at approximately the same level as the distrupted abdominal organ

A

Reffered pain

32
Q

Epigastric pain

A

Stomach, duodenum, pancreas, gall bladder, billary tree, and lever

33
Q

Appendex pain

A

Periumbilical area to RLQ

34
Q

Suprapubic pain

A

Rectum, colon, bladder or prostate

35
Q

Periumbilical pain

A

Small bowel, appendix, proximal colon

36
Q

Auscultate after you inspect so as not alter the client’ pattern of bowel sound. Percussion then palpation follow ascultation

A

Sequence for Assessment of the abdomen

37
Q

Abdominal assessment position is supine with arm folded across the chest or resting by the sides

A
38
Q

Raising arms above the head or folding them behind the head will tense the abdominal muscle

A
39
Q

A flat pillow may be placed under the client’s head for comfort. Slightly flex the client’s legs by placing a pillow or rolled blanket under the client’s knees to help relax the abdominal muscles

A
40
Q

Instruct client to breath through the mounth and to take slow, deep breath, this promotes relaxation

A
41
Q

Inspection- abdominal skin, umbilicus, aortic pulsation and peristaltic waves
Auscultation- bowel sound
Light palpation- superficial bulges ir pulsation
Percussion & deep palpation- abdomen and abdominal organ

A
42
Q

Purple discoloration (Grey Tuner Sign)

A

Indicates bleeding within the abdominal wall, prossibly from trauma to the kidneys, pancreas, or duodenum or from pancreatis

43
Q

Pale, taut skin may be seen with ascites

A

Ascite- significant abdominal swelling indicating fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity

44
Q

Redness may indicate inflammation

A
45
Q

Note the vascularity of the abdominal skin

A

Normal: scattered fine veins
Abnormal: dilated veins may be seen cirrhosisnof of the liver, obstruction of the inferior vena cava, portal hypertention, or ascites

46
Q

Spider angioma may be seen with liver disease or portal hypertention

A
47
Q

Note any striae (stretch mark)

A

Normal: pink or bluish in color; old striae are silvery, white, linear, and uneven stretch marks from past pregnancies or weight gain
Abnormal: dark bluish pink striae are associated with cushing syndrome

48
Q

Inspect scars

A

Normal: pale smooth, minimally raised old scars may be seen
Abnormal: nonhealing wound, redness, inflammation

49
Q

Dilated superficial capillaries without a pattern may be seen in older clients. They are more visible in sunlight

A
50
Q

Keloids (excess scar tissue) result from trauma or surgery and are more common in african American and Asian

A
51
Q

Assessment for lession and rashes

A

Normal: abdomen is free of lesions or rashes
Abnormal: changes in moles including size, color and border symmetry. Bleeding moles or petechiae reddish or purpule lesion

52
Q

Inspect the umbilicus

A

Normal: umbilical skin tones are similar to surrounding abdominal skin tones even pinkish
Abnormal: cullen’s sign - bluish or purple discoloration arround the umbilicus (periumbilical ecchymosis) indicates intra-abdominal bleeding
Grey turner sign - bluish of purplish discoloration on the abdominal flaks.

53
Q

Purple discoloration at the flanks indicates bleeding within the abdominal wall, possibly from trauma to the kidneys, pancreas, or duodenum or from pancreatitis.

A

Grey-Turner sign

54
Q

Instruct the client to breathe through the mouth and to take slow, deep breaths. This promotes relaxation.

A
55
Q

inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation

A
56
Q

• Abdominal edema, or swelling, signifying ascites
• Abdominal masses, signifying abnormal growths or constipation
• Unusual pulsations such as those seen with an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta
• Pain associated with appendicitis.

A
57
Q

Observe the coloration of the skin.

A

Normal Findings:
-Abdominal skin may be paler

Abnormal Findings:
-Purple discoloration at the flanks
-yellow hue of jaundice may be more apparent on the abdomen.
-Redness may indicate inflammation.
-Bruises or areas of local discoloration

58
Q

Note the vascularity of the abdominal skin.

A

Normal:
-Scattered fine veins may be visible

Abnormal :
-Dilated veins may be seen with cirrhosis of the liver, obstruction of the inferior vena cava, portal hypertension, or ascites.

Health Assessment Finals (3 decks)

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