ASRT Exam #2 Flashcards
The carina: (select all that apply)
Is the bifurcation at the level of T4-T5.
Typically correlates to the ‘angle of Louis’.
Forms the beginning of the right and left main stem bronchi.
All of the above are correct.
All the above
The pituitary can be located by identifying what skeletal structure in the skull? Cribriform plate Occipital foramen Sella tursica Glabella
Sella tursica
Which of the following refers to a two dimensional image reconstructed from CT data that shows a beam's eye view of the treatment field? digitally reconstructed radiograph field size localization verification
DRR
Intact breast treatment field borders are best described by which of the following?
The superior border is at the edge of the head of the clavicle and the inferior border is just at the inframammary fold.
The superior border is at the edge of the head of the clavicle and the inferior border is 2 cm below the
inframammary fold.
The superior border is at the midline of the sternum and the inferior border is 2 cm below the inframammary fold.
The superior border is at the midline of the sternum and the inferior border is the midaxillary line.
The superior border is at the edge of the head of the clavicle and the inferior border is 2 cm below the inframammary fold.
Regarding the cell survival curve, \_\_\_\_\_ is determined by the final portion of the curve. It is an expression of radio sensitivity of the cell. Dq n n-1 D0
D0
It is within the therapist's responsibilities to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ treatment when significant changes are noted in the patient's condition until the physician is consulted. administer implement withhold change
withhold
The measurement of the thickness of a patient along the central axis (CA), or at any other point within the irradiated volume is known as: field size. planning target volume. separation. internal target volume.
separation
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ should be used to help hold a patient securely when transferring from a wheelchair to the table. transfer belt backboard sling footstool
transfer belt
The concept that patients are treated as individuals and informed about procedures to facilitate appropriate decisions. Autonomy Informed Consent Risk Management Incident
Autonomy
Brachytherapy is commonly used for all of the following cancers, EXCEPT for \_\_\_\_\_ cancer. Cervical Breast Pancreatic Prostate
Pancreatic
To do good and act in the best interest of the patient even if inconvenient and sacrifices must be made. Nonmaleficence Role Fidelity Autonomy Beneficence
Beneficence
Common chemotherapy drugs used for treating breast cancer include all of the following EXCEPT: Carboplatin paclitaxel (Taxol) Romidepsin (Istodax) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
Romidepsin (Istodax)
The Ann Arbor staging system is commonly used to stage which cancers? Skin Endometrial Breast Lymphoma
Lymphoma
The junction between the manubrium and body of the sternum is referred to as the: Sternal angle. Suprasternal notch. Costaphrenic angle. Xiphoid process.
Sternal angle.
The benefits of brachytherapy include which of the following? Please select all that apply.
Can be performed on an out-patient basis
Has a shorter recovery time
Is a minimally invasive technique
Does not use ionizing radiation
Can be performed on an out-patient basis
Has a shorter recovery time
Is a minimally invasive technique
Which is NOT used to achieve a uniform dose by compensating for missing or curved tissue? wedges shielding blocks MLC bolus
MLC
All of the following are examples of external beam radiation treatment delivery methods, EXCEPT: 3D conformal. CBCT. IMRT. SBRT.
CBCT.
Oral defamation is referred to as: Battery Assault Libel Slander
Slander
For the treatment of prostate cancer, conventional doses consist of:
For the treatment of prostate cancer, conventional doses consist of:
4,500 cGy to 5,000 cGy.
5,500 cGy to 6,000 cGy.
6,500 cGy to 7,000 cGy.
7,500 cGy to 8,000 cGy.
7,500 cGy to 8,000 cGy.
What is the MOST common type of radiation therapy used for cancer treatment? External beam radiation Brachytherapy Proton therapy Carbon ion therapy
External beam radiation
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a tumor of: Smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle. Cartilage. Bone.
Skeletal muscle.
What is the normal range of platelets in a healthy adult? 50,000 - 250,000 billion/L 150,000 - 450,000 billion/L 150,000 - 450,000 mc/L 50,000 - 250,000 mc/L
150,000 - 450,000 mc/L
\_\_\_\_\_ is used to define the size and extension of a tumor at the time of diagnosis. Etiology Epidemiology Staging Grade
Staging
In an isodose distribution, the point where the dose is set at 100% is called the: Isocenter. Scatter point. Central axis. Normalization point.
Normalization point.
The TNM staging system is a commonly used staging system in which “T” defines:
The size and extent of the primary tumor.
The status of lymph nodes and the extent of lymph node involvement.
The presence and extent of metastasis.
The type of cancer the patient has
The size and extent of the primary tumor.
TD 5/5 is defined as:
The dose that is necessary to control all but 5% of the tumors.
The total dose absorbed by the tissue irradiated over the 5 week treatment period.
The dose which will cause 5% of the population to experience a defined side effect within 5 years.
The whole body dose which will kill 5% of the population within 5 years.
The dose which will cause 5% of the population to experience a defined side effect within 5 years.
Rectal cancer typically spreads distantly to the: Small intestine. Liver. Skull. Peritoneal cavity
Liver.
Which cancer of the brain and/or spinal cord is the MOST likely to seed through the craniospinal fluid? Medulloblastoma Oligodendroglioma Astrocytoma Pituitary adenoma
Medulloblastoma
Which of the following is not one of the four R’s of radiation therapy? reconfirmation repopulation repair reoxygenation
reconfirmation
Effects on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells may have a clinical impact. germ somatic embryonic free radical
germ
When using a custom cerrobend block, what needs to be added to the monitor unit calculations? Tray factor Mayneord f correction Wedge factor Compensator factor
Tray factor
The ethical principle that directs health care professionals to avoid harmful actions to patients. Nonmaleficence Role Fidelity Autonomy Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
What is the normal range of white blood cells in a healthy adult? 2,000 to 8,000 cells/mcL 3,500 to 10,500 cells/mcL 2,000 to 8,000 billion cells/L 3,500 to 10,500 billion cells/L
3,500 to 10,500 cells/mcL
The base of the tongue first spreads to what lymph node or lymph group? Jugulodigastric Submental Retropharyngeal Facial
Jugulodigastric
A PA only treatment field is an example of a \_\_\_ treatment. 2D 3D complex IMRT
2D
The cricoid cartilage is at which vertebral level? C3 C6 C7 T2
C6
The __________ is legally responsible for providing detailed information to the patient to obtain a patient’s informed consent.
physician
physician
radiation therapist
oncology nurse
care giver
The topographic anatomical landmark that correlates with thoracic vertebrae 2 (T2) is the: Xiphoid process. Manubrium. Angle of Louis. Body of the sternum.
Manubrium.
The opening between the stomach and the duodenum is the: Pyloric sphincter. Fundus. Body. Cardiac sphincter
Pyloric sphincter.
The primary lymphatic drainage of the testicle is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Superficial inguinal nodes Common iliac nodes Periaortic nodes External iliac nodes
Periaortic nodes
The prostate can be located by the: Iliac crest. Acetabulum. Ischial tuberosity. Neck of the femur
Neck of the femur
The hard palate is part of which subdivision of the head and neck? Nasopharynx Oral Cavity Oropharynx Hypopharynx
Oral Cavity
All of the following can be used to aid in patient positioning, EXCEPT: Field light. Wall lasers. Overhead laser. Room lights.
Room lights.
Erythema typically occurs at: 1,000 - 2,000 cGy. 2,000 - 3,000 cGy. 3,000 - 4,000 cGy. 4,000 - 5,000 cGy.
2,000 - 3,000 cGy.
What is the equivalent square of a 7 x 12 cm field with a 2 x 2 cm square block?
- 4 cm
- 2 cm
- 4 cm
- 9 cm
8.9 cm
The scattering foil in a linear accelerator is used to: Decelerate electrons within the field. Produce the electrons. Collimate electrons. Broaden and flatten the electron beam.
Broaden and flatten the electron beam.
Which of the following is true regarding sensitive screening tests?
They are able to provide true negative results.
The prostate-specific antigen test is an example of a sensitive test.
They are able to provide a true positive result.
They are sensitive tests which are synonymous with those that are specific.
They are able to provide a true positive result.
The threshold radiation dose to the whole brain for necrosis or infarction is: 1,500 cGy. 2,300 cGy. 3,500 cGy. 4,500 cGy.
4,500 cGy.
A lateral decubitus position refers to having a patient: Lie on their back. Lie on their stomach. Lie on their side. Stand facing the machine.
Lie on their side.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the aggressiveness of a tumor based on the degree of differentiation. Epidemiology Etiology Staging Grading
Grading
The area of the lung where blood vessels and the primary bronchi enter and exit the lungs is termed the: Apex. Mediastinum. Hilum. Carina.
Hilum.
Radiation-induced cancer, leukemia and genetic effects follow a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ dose-response relationship. linear nonlinear nonlinear, threshold linear, nonthreshold
linear, nonthreshold
Radiation exposure during the gestational period of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ days usually affects the nervous system. 7 to 15 17 to 20 23 to 37 40 to 53
23 to 37
The MOST common site for heterotopic bone formation is the: Olecranon process. Acetabulum. Humeral head. Patella.
Acetabulum.
Which treatment delivery plan uses advanced technology to conform radiation beams to the shape of the tumor? 2D 3D wedge pair IMRT
IMRT
Therapists with higher emotional intelligence have more effective \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and patient care skills. information Role Fidelity respondeat superior communication
communication
Topograms: Are referred to as pilot or scout images. Are used for patient alignment. Define the CT scan range. All of the above are correct.
All of the above are correct.
Exposure to low levels of radiation may produce: Genetic effects. Neoplastic disease. A diminished life span. All of the above.
All of the above.
Which of the following organs is most sensitive to radiation? bladder brain liver lung
lung
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is considered the critical target because its ionization produces the greatest consequence to the cell. water nucleus cellular membrane DNA
DNA
The proper application of light pressure with fingers to the body is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. hygiene contact palpation battery
palpation
Two power sources used to generate electromagnetic waves for the linear accelerator are the: Magnetron and electron gun. Magnetron and klystron. Klystron and electron gun. Electron gun and bending magnet.
Magnetron and klystron.
Which of the following tumor sites is MOST OFTEN treated with Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)? Extremity Prostate Larynx Whole brain
Prostate
Ionic iodine contrast media is referred to:
As radiopaque and has a high osmolality rate.
As water soluble and has a low osmolality rate.
As water soluble and has a high osmolality rate.
Non-water soluble and has a low osmolality rate
As radiopaque and has a high osmolality rate.
A \_\_\_\_\_\_ break in the DNA is efficiently repaired and not significant for cell kill. single strand double strand triple strand proximal strand
single strand
When assisting a patient from a wheelchair to the treatment table, the patient's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ should be closer to the side of movement. right left weaker stronger
stronger
If a patient arrives with lab work results indicating a white bood cell count (WBC) of < 2000 g/dl, the
therapist should:
Continue treatment as usual.
Discontinue treatment for a few days.
Bring this to the radiation oncologist’s attention prior to treatment delivery.
Treat the patient then, take the patient to see the radiation oncologist overseeing the patient after treatment is completed that day.
Bring this to the radiation oncologist’s attention prior to treatment delivery.
A deliberate act wherein one person threatens to harm another person without consent and the victim perceives that the other has the ability to carry out the threat. Battery Assault False Imprisonment Slander
Assault
Which of the following describes CT simulation lasers? Please select all that apply.
Consist of a single overhead laser that moves to project the sagittal plane.
Are two vertical moving lateral lasers to project coronal plane.
Can be fixed lasers to project the transverse plane.
Consist of four overhead lasers to project the oblique plane.
Consist of a single overhead laser that moves to project the sagittal plane.
Are two vertical moving lateral lasers to project coronal plane.
Can be fixed lasers to project the transverse plane.
Individual treatment dose indicated in the prescribed dose is known as: Protraction. Treatment technique. Fractionation. Beam modifier.
Fractionation.
Vac Fix immobilization devices are used to immobilize all of the following parts of the body, EXCEPT the: Pelvis. Abdomen. Chest. Head and neck.
Head and neck.
Treatment that combines more than one method of treatment is known as: Interdisciplinary. Triform. Multifocal. Multimodality.
Multimodality.
What is the daily tolerance of the laser and treatment isocenter coincidence? \+/- 1 mm \+/- 2 mm \+/- 1 cm \+/- 2 cm
+/- 2 mm
The doctrine of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ describes how a person is injured through no fault of his/her own. corporate liability res ipsa loquitur respondeat superior assault
res ipsa loquitur
A highly reactive species with an unpaired valence or outer shell electron is known as a(n)? ion electron free radicle proton
free radical
Which of these devices may best be used to measure the dose at various points within a mantle field when treating a Hodgkin’s patient? Film dosimetry Geiger Mueller counter Thermoluminescent dosimeter Victoreen thimble chamber
Thermoluminescent dosimeter
The result of whole body irradiation to doses in the 1,000 - 5,000 cGy range which will result in system failure of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is manifested by infection, bone marrow depression, electrolyte imbalance, watery diarrhea, and denudation to the villi in the small intestines. hemopoietic gastrointestinal cerebrovascular respiratory
gastrointestinal
The most anterior lobe of the cerebrum is the: Occipital lobe. Parietal lobe. Frontal lobe. Temporal lobe.
Frontal lobe.
All of the following are contraindications for chemotherapy, EXCEPT: Third trimester pregnancy. Recent surgery. Liver or kidney impairment. Infection.
Third trimester pregnancy.
Indirect interaction of radiation and the cell is more likely to occur using which type of radiation: protons. high linear energy transfer (LET). low linear energy transfer (LET). electrons
low linear energy transfer (LET).
Human cells are most radiosensitive in the \_\_\_\_\_\_ cycle. G1 G2 M S
M
The equivalent square of a 4 x 10 cm field is: 40 cm. 20 cm. 5.7 cm. 2.8 cm.
5.7 cm.
The advantages of megavoltage beams for treatment of deep lesions are:
Lower skin dose and greater penetration.
Higher skin dose and greater penetration.
Lower skin dose and less penetration.
Higher skin dose and less penetration.
Lower skin dose and greater penetration.
The therapist creates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ images to demonstrate reproduction of the treatment area and verify correct beam placement. localization clinical histogram dosimetry
localization
Which of the following imaging techniques can produce a 4D image? MV portal KV portal Cone beam CT Orthogonol pair
Cone beam CT
Level II axillary lymph nodes lie: Along each side of the sternum. Near the coracoid process. Lateral to the pectoralis minor muscle. Under the pectoralis muscle.
Under the pectoralis muscle.
The penetration of x-ray through tissue is primarily a function of: Milliampere-second (mAs). Target-film distance. Time of exposure. Kilovoltage.
Milliampere-second (mAs).
Fractionated Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) treatments are typically delivered over the course of how many days? 1 to 5 1 to 7 1 to 10 1 to 14
1 to 5
Positioning aids consist of: Prone pillows and head rests. Large rubber bands. Vac-Lock vacuum cushions. Alpha Cradle foaming agent devices.
Prone pillows and head rests.
The goal of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ care is to help dying patients and their families by providing support for quality of life. interventional hospice physical endurance
hospice
Which of the following is TRUE regarding multileaf collimator (MLC) leaves?
They are made of lead
Wider leaf width increases conformality of the treatment field
Always replace a set of jaws in the collimator
Transmission is less than that through a cerrobend block
Transmission is less than that through a cerrobend block
During which stage of gestation is embryonic death and resorption the most common result of exposure to radiation?
preimplantation
major organogenesis
fetal growth stage
the risk is the same at all stages of gestation
preimplantation
Relative biological effect (RBE) refers to a comparison of the effect of radiation of a test type as compared to the effect of the standard of: 250 kV x-ray. 4MV x-ray. Cesium- 137. 250 mEv.
250 kV x-ray.
Orthogonal films are two portal images that are captured \_\_\_ degrees apart 0 90 180 270
90
One rem is equal to:
- 1 Sv
- 01 Sv
- 01 mSv
- 1 mSv
0.01 Sv
Rising too quickly can cause dizziness and/or fainting which are symptoms of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . orthostatic hypertension orthostatic hypotension high blood pressure support
orthostatic hypotension
Which type of interaction is sometimes described as true absorbtion? Coherent scattering Compton effect Photoelectric effect Pair production
Photoelectric effect
The process posterior to the earlobe that can be used to mark the inferior border of the whole brain field is the: Styloid process. Occipital process. Mastoid process. Zygomatic process.
Mastoid process.
The point in space relative to the treatment machine about which various components of the linear accelerator rotate is known as the: Tumor. Isocenter. SSD. SAD.
Isocenter.
What is the daily tolerance level of the optical distance indicator (ODI)? 1mm 2mm 3mm functional
2mm
