ASP.NET Flashcards

Question

ASP.NET What is reflection?

Answer 1

All .NET compilers produce metadata about the types defined in the modules they produce. This metadata is packaged along with the module (modules in turn are packaged together in assemblies), and can be accessed by a mechanism called reflection. The System.Reflection namespace contains classes that can be used to interrogate the types for a module/assembly.

Answer 2

The Server.Transfer () method stops the current page from executing, and runs the content on the specified page, when the execution is complete the control is passed back to the calling page. While the Response.Redirect () method transfers the control on the specified page and the control is never passed back to calling page after execution.

Answer 3

The process in which a Web page sends data back to the same page on the server.

Answer 4

System.Web.UI.Page

Answer 5

When you have a complex control, like DataGrid, writing an event processing routine for each object (cell, button, row, etc.) is quite tedious. The controls can bubble up their event handlers, allowing the main DataGrid event handler to take care of its constituents.

Answer 6

■Server-side code executes on the server. | ■Client-side code executes in the client’s browser.

Answer 7

Assemblies can be static or dynamic. Static assemblies can include .NET Framework types (interfaces and classes), as well as resources for the assembly (bitmaps, JPEG files, resource files, and so on). Static assemblies are stored on disk in portable executable (PE) files. Dynamic assemblies, which are run directly from memory and are not saved to disk before execution. You can save dynamic assemblies to disk after they have executed.

Answer 8

■Structures are value type and Classes are reference type ■Structures can not have constructor or destructors. ■Classes can have both constructor and destructors. ■Structures do not support Inheritance, while Classes support Inheritance.

Answer 9

Dataset.clone copies just the structure of dataset (including all the datatables, schemas, relations and constraints.); however it doesn’t copy the data. Dataset.copy, copies both the dataset structure and the data.

Answer 10

Custom Controls are compiled code (Dlls), easier to use, difficult to create, and can be placed in toolbox. Drag and Drop controls. Attributes can be set visually at design time. Can be used by Multiple Applications (If Shared Dlls), Even if Private can copy to bin directory of web application add reference and use. Normally designed to provide common functionality independent of consuming Application. User Controls are similar to those of ASP include files, easy to create, can not be placed in the toolbox and dragged - dropped from it. A User Control is shared among the single application files.

Answer 11

ASP session state relies on cookies, Serialize all requests from a client, does not survive process shutdown, Can not maintained across machines in a Web farm.

Answer 12

ViewState is a .Net mechanism to store the posted data among post backs. ViewState allows the state of objects to be stored in a hidden field on the page, saved on client side and transported back to server whenever required.

Answer 13

Authentication is the process of identifying users. Authentication is identifying/validating the user against the credentials (username and password) and Authorization performs after authentication. Authorization is the process of granting access to those users based on identity. Authorization allowing access of specific resource to user.

Answer 14

There are 3 types of Authentication. Windows, Forms and Passport Authentication. ■Windows authentication uses the security features integrated into the Windows NT and Windows XP operating systems to authenticate and authorize Web application users. ■Forms authentication allows you to create your own list/database of users and validate the identity of those users when they visit your Web site. ■Passport authentication uses the Microsoft centralized authentication provider to identify users. Passport provides a way to for users to use a single identity across multiple Web applications. To use Passport authentication in your Web application, you must install the Passport SDK.

Answer 15

There are six types of validation controls available : ``` ■RequiredFieldValidator ■RangeValidator ■RegularExpressionValidator ■CompareValidator ■CustomValidator ■ValidationSummary ```

Answer 16

Combines existing Server and/or HTML controls by using VS.Net to create functional units that encapsulate some aspects of UI. Resides in Content Files, which must be included in project in which the controls are used.

Answer 17

■System.Globalization | ■System.Resources

Answer 18

There are several ways to manage a state. ``` ■ViewState ■ QueryString ■Cookies ■Session ■Application ```

Answer 19

There are three types of Caching : ■Output Caching: stores the responses from an asp.net page. ■Fragment Caching: Only caches/stores the portion of page (User Control) ■Data Caching: is Programmatic way to Cache objects for performance.

Answer 20

The CLR allows any versions of the same-shared DLL (shared assembly) to execute at the same time, on the same system, and even in the same process. This concept is known as side-by-side execution.

Answer 21

We can use the tool "ildasm.exe" known as "Assembly Disassembler" to view the assembly.

Answer 22

``` There are 7 namespaces which are imported automatically. ■System ■System.Collections ■System.IO ■System.web ■System.web.UI ■System.web.UI.HTMLControls ■System.web.UI.WebControls. ```

Answer 23

■GridLayout ■FlowLayout . GridLayout positions the form object on absolute x and y co-ordinates of the screen. FlowLayout positions the form objects relative to each other.

Answer 24

Delegates are a type-safe, object-oriented implementation of function pointers and are used in many situations where a component needs to call back to the component that is using it. Delegates are generally used as basis of events, which allow any delegate to easily be registered for as event.

Answer 25

Namespaces are logical grouping of classes and other types in hierarchical structure. Namespaces are useful to avoid collision or ambiguity among the classes and type names. Another use of the namespace is to arrange a group of classes for a specific purpose.

Answer 26

Visual Studio uses the Codebehind attribute to distinguish the page source or programming logic from the design. Also the src attribute will make the page compile on every request. That is the page will not be compiled in advance and stored in the bin as a dll instead it will be compiled at run time.

Answer 27

The DataGrid Web server control is a powerful tool for displaying information from a data source. It is easy to use; you can display editable data in a professional-looking grid by setting only a few properties. At the same time, the grid has a sophisticated object model that provides you with great flexibility in how you display the data.

Answer 28

One way to have columns appear dynamically is to create them at design time, and then to hide or show them as needed. You can do this by setting a column’s “Visible” property.

Answer 29

``` ■@Page ■@Control ■@Import ■@Implements ■@Register ■@Assembly ■@OutputCache ■@Reference ```

Answer 30

■Integer ■String. ■Date.

Answer 31

Cookies are small pieces of text, stored on the client’s computer to be used only by the website setting the cookies. This allows webapplications to save information for the user, and then re-use it on each page if needed

Answer 32

It can contain many classes.

Answer 33

Init() - when the page is instantiated. Load() - when the page is loaded into server memory. PreRender() - the brief moment before the page is displayed to the user as HTML. Unload() - when page finishes loading.

Answer 34

Value Types uses Stack to store the data. | where as Reference type uses the Heap to store the data.

Answer 35

Server side scripting means that all the script will be executed by the server and interpreted as needed. ASP doesn't have some of the functionality like sockets, uploading, etc. Client side scripting means that the script will be executed immediately in the browser such as form field validation, clock, email validation, etc. Client side scripting is usually done in VBScript or JavaScript.

Answer 36

Permanent cookies are available until a specified expiration date, and are stored on the hard disk.So Set the 'Expires' property any value greater than DataTime.MinValue with respect to the current datetime. If u want the cookie which never expires set its Expires property equal to DateTime.maxValue.

Answer 37

Server.Transfer | Server.Execute.

Answer 38

Server.transfer

Answer 39

< asp:HyperLinkColumn > < / asp:HyperLinkColumn >

Answer 40

Web.config file is the configuration file for the Asp.net web application. There is one web.config file for one asp.net application which configures the particular application. Web.config file is written in XML with specific tags having specific meanings.It includes databa which includes connections,Session States,Error Handling,Security etc.

Answer 41

An Inproc is one which runs in the same process area as that of the client giving tha advantage of speed but the disadvantage of stability becoz if it crashes it takes the client application also with it. Outproc is one which works outside the clients memory thus giving stability to the client, but we have to compromise a bit on speed.

Answer 42

The cursor position is maintained when the page gets refreshed due to the server side validation and the page gets refreshed.

Answer 43

Using special validation controls that are meant for this. We have Range Validator, Email Validator

Answer 44

Use Cookie.Discard property, Gets or sets the discard flag set by the server. When true, this property instructs the client application not to save the Cookie on the user's hard disk when a session ends.

Answer 45

We have two common properties for every validation controls: ■ Control to Validate ■ Error Message

Answer 46

CompareValidator is used to ensure that two fields are identical.

Answer 47

The GET method creates a query string and appends it to the script's URL on the server that handles the request. The POST method creates a name/value pairs that are passed in the body of the HTTP request message.

Answer 48

Strong typing implies that the types of variables involved in operations are associated to the variable, checked at compile-time, and require explicit conversion Weak typing implies that they are associated to the value, checked at run-time, and are implicitly converted as required.

Answer 49

Implicit conversion of value type to reference type of a variable is known as BOXING, for example integer to object type conversion. Conversion of reference type variable back to value type is called as UnBoxing.

Answer 50

Garbage collection is a system whereby a run-time component takes responsibility for managing the lifetime of objects and the heap memory that they occupy.

Answer 51

Serialization is the process of converting an object into a stream of bytes. Deserialization is the opposite process of creating an object from a stream of bytes. Serialization / Deserialization is mostly used to transport objects.

Answer 52

Managed Code: Code that runs under a "contract of cooperation" with the common language runtime. Managed code must supply the metadata necessary for the runtimeto provide services such as memory management, cross-language integration, code access security, and automatic lifetime control of objects. All code based on Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) executes as managed code. Un-Managed Code:Code that is created without regard for the conventions and requirements of the common language runtime. Unmanaged code executes in the common language runtime environment with minimal services (for example, no garbage collection, limited debugging, and so on).

Answer 53

■Constants: The value can’t be changed. ■Read-only: The value will be initialized only once from the constructor of the class. ■Static: Value can be initialized once.

Answer 54

System.Reflection

Answer 55

Abstract classes can have concrete methods while interfaces have no methods implemented. Interfaces do not come in inheriting chain, while abstract classes come in inheritance.

Answer 56

Page_load event guarantees that all controls are fully loaded. Controls are also accessed. In Page_Init events but you will see that viewstate is not fully loaded during this event.

Answer 57

@Register directive informs the compiler of any custom server control added to the page.

Answer 58

It checks whether the control have any value. It's used when you want the control should not be empty.

Answer 59

ASP.NET provides In-Process and Out-of-Process state management. In-Process stores the session in memory on the web server. Out-of-Process Session state management stores data in an external data source. The external data source may be either a SQL Server or a State Server service. Out-of-Process state management requires that all objects stored in session are serializable.

Answer 60

■A const can not be static, while readonly can be static. ■A const need to be declared and initialized at declaration only, while a readonly can be initialized at declaration or by the code in the constructor. ■A const’s value is evaluated at design time, while a readonly’s value is evaluated at runtime.

Answer 61

We may not use them at the max, However to allow the cookies or not, is client side functionality.

Answer 62

Response.Outout.Write allows us to write the formatted out put.

Answer 63

Inline code written along with the html and design blocks in an .aspx page. Code-behind is code written in a separate file (.cs or .vb) and referenced by the .aspx page.

Answer 64

Calling a non-virtual method, decided at a compile time is known as early binding. Calling a virtual method (Pure Polymorphism), decided at a runtime is known as late binding.

Answer 65

Asp.net session supports cookie less session & it can span across multiple servers.

Answer 66

CLR also known as Common Language Run time provides a environment in which program are executed, it activate object, perform security check on them, lay them out in the memory, execute them and garbage collect them.

Answer 67

MSIL are also known as Microsoft Intermediate Language is the CPU-independent instruction set into which .Net framework programs are compiled. It contains instructions for loading, storing initializing, and calling methods on objects.

Answer 68

The Common type system is a rich type system, built into the common language runtime, which supports the types and operations found in most programming languages.

Answer 69

CLS also known as Common Language Specification defines the rules which all language must support, in order to be a part of .Net framework. The Common Language Specification is a set of constructs and constraints that serves as a guide for library writers and compiler writers.

Answer 70

Items stored in a ViewState exist for the life of the current page, including the post backs on the same page.

Answer 71

ViewState can be disabled by using "EnableViewState" property set to false.

Answer 72

All the global declarations or the variables used commonly across the application can be deployed under Application_Start. All the user specific tasks or declarations can be dealt in the Session_Start subroutine.

Answer 73

Assemblies are the building blocks of the .NET framework. They are the logical grouping of the functionality in a physical file.

Answer 74

■Single file and multi file assembly. ■ Assemblies can be static or dynamic. ■Private assemblies and shared assemblies.

Answer 75

DataAdapter’s fill () method is used to fill load the data in dataset.

Answer 76

■ItemTemplate | ■ AlternatingItemTemplate.

Answer 77

■Increased performance. ■ Better code management and encapsulation. ■It also introduces the n-tier concepts and business logic.

Answer 78

The ArrayList object is a collection of items containing a single data type values.

Answer 79

The Literal control is used to display text on a page. The text is programmable. This control does not let you apply styles to its content.

Answer 80

■System.Data ■System.Data.OleDB ■System.Data.SQLClient

Answer 81

Remoting is a means by which one operating system process, or program, can communicate with another process. The two processes can exist on the same computer or on two computers connected by a LAN or the Internet.

Answer 82

It allows to executing ASP.NET application level events and setting application-level variables.

Answer 83

Session object store information between HTTP requests for a particular user. Session variables are used to store user specific information where as in application variables we can’t store user specific information. while application object are global across users.

Answer 84

A thread is a path of execution that run on CPU, a proccess is a collection of threads that share the same virtual memory. A process have at least one thread of execution, and a thread always run in a process context.

Answer 85

``` ■Documentation looks the same. ■Use Debug class for debug builds. ■ use Trace class for both debug and release builds. ```

Answer 86

System.Object

Answer 87

When Overriding, you change the method behavior for a derived class. Overloading simply involves having a method with the same name within the class.

Answer 88

■System.String is immutable. ■ System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of having a mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed.

Answer 89

■Server side code is executed at the server side on IIS in ASP.NET framework. ■ while client side code is executed on the browser.

Answer 90

It’s an abstract class with public abstract methods all of which must be implemented in the inherited classes.

Answer 91

A formatter is an object that is responsible for encoding and serializing data into messages on one end, and deserializing and decoding messages into data on the other end.

Answer 92

Marshaling is a process of making an object in one process (the server) available to another process (the client). There are two ways to achieve the marshalling.■Marshal by value ■Marshal by reference.

Answer 93

Static class is a class which can be used or accessed without creating an instance of the class.

Answer 94

A DataSet is an in memory representation of data loaded from any data source.

Answer 95

A DataTable is a class in .NET Framework and in simple words a DataTable object represents a table from a database.

Answer 96

A static variable’s life span is till the class is in memory

Answer 97

``` An Abstract method does not provide an implementation and forces overriding to the deriving class (unless the deriving class also an abstract class), Virtual method has an implementation and leaves an option to override it in the deriving class. Thus Virtual method has an implementation & provides the derived class with the option of overriding it. Abstract method does not provide an implementation & forces the derived class to override the method. ```

Answer 98

``` ■Sealed classes are those classes which can not be inherited and thus any sealed class member can not be derived in any other class. ■ A sealed class cannot also be an abstract class. ```

Answer 99

erver controls ■HTML controls ■Data controls ■System components.

Answer 100

Use the Cookie. Discard Property which Gets or sets the discard flag set by the server. When true, this property instructs the client application not to save the Cookie on the users hard disk when a session ends.

Answer 101

AutoPostBack automatically posts the page back to the server when state of the control is changed.

Answer 102

Globalization is the process of creating multilingual application by defining culture specific features like currency, date and time format, calendar and other issues.

Answer 103

■Asp.net is a web technology used for designing webforms and Vb.net is a programming language ■ASP.NET is a powerful technology for writing dynamic web pages. ■ASP.NET is a way of creating dynamic web pages while making use of the innovations present in .NET. ■VB.NET is a language.But ASP.NET is the Environment where we can create websites or webpages.

Answer 104

Srting is a Reference type.It can create a new instance at every time.

Answer 105

System.web.UI.Page class

Answer 106

In debug compilation, assert takes in a Boolean condition as a parameter, and shows the error dialog if the condition is false. The program proceeds without any interruption if the condition is true.

Answer 107

By default, ASP.NET will store the session state in the same process that processes the request, just as ASP does. If cookies are not available, a session can be tracked by adding a session identifier to the URL.

Answer 108

Compiler: A compiler is a program that translates program (called source code) written in some high level language into object code.A compiler translates high-level instructions directly into machine language and this process is called compiling. Interpreter: An interpreter translates high-level instructions into an intermediate form, which it then executes. Interpreter analyzes and executes each line of source code in succession, without looking at the entire program; the advantage of interpreters is that they can execute a program immediately.

Answer 109

A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations, and views. ■A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source. ■ DataSets have no current record pointer You can use For Each loops to move through the data. ■Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for different data sources. ■ Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand. ■ You can store many edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single operation.

Answer 110

A set of server controls included with ASP.NET that test user input in HTML and Web server controls for programmer-defined requirements. Validation controls perform input checking in server code. If the user is working with a browser that supports DHTML, the validation controls can also perform validation using client script.

Answer 111

■“Web.config” files apply settings to each web application. | ■While “Machine.config” file apply settings to all ASP.NET applications.

Answer 112

Server controls like Data grid, Data List, and Repeater can have other child controls inside them. Example Data Grid can have combo box inside data grid. These child control do not raise there events by themselves, rather they pass the event to the container parent (which can be a data grid, data list, repeater), which passed to the page as “ItemCommand” event. As the child control send events to parent it is termed as event bubbling.

Answer 113

@Register directive informs the compiler of any custom server control added to the page.

Answer 114

In HTML Hidden Fields.

Answer 115

By default, ASP.NET will store the session state in the same process that processes the request, just as ASP does. If cookies are not available, a session can be tracked by adding a session identifier to the URL.

Answer 116

ASP (Active Server Pages) and ASP.NET are both server side technologies for building web sites and web applications, ASP.NET is Managed compiled code - asp is interpreted. and ASP.net is fully Object oriented. ASP.NET has been entirely re-architected to provide a highly productive programming experience based on the .NET Framework, and a robust infrastructure for building reliable and scalable web applications.

Answer 117

The various security methods which IIS provides are : ``` ■ Authentication Modes. ■IP Address and Domain Name Restriction. ■ DNS Lookups DNS Lookups. ■Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for different data sources. ■ The Network ID and Subnet Mask. ■ SSL. ```

Answer 118

ASP.NET master pages allow you to create a consistent layout for the pages in your application. A single master page defines the look and feel and standard behavior that you want for all of the pages in your application. You can then create individual content pages that contain the content you want to display. When users request the content pages, they merge with the master page to produce output that combines the layout of the master page with the content from the content page.

Answer 119

■ASP.NET makes development simpler and easier to maintain with an event-driven, server-side programming model. ■ASP.NET offers built-in security features through windows authentication or other authentication methods. ■Content and program logic are separated which reduces the inconveniences of program maintenance. ■Built-in caching features.

Answer 120

DL stands for Web Services Description Language is an XML-based language for describing Web services and how to access them. WSDL is used to describe Web services.

Answer 121

Javascript : JavaScript is a client-side scripting language. JavaScript is used to create interactive web applications supported by the Netscape browser. JavaScript is simple to use, lightweight, and dynamic. Developers can easily embed code functionality for interactive applications inside a web page. Javascript is case sensitive and it will be run on client side. VBScript: VBScript is a server-side scripting language. VBScript is not case sensitive and it will be run on server side.

Answer 122

A web server delivers requested web pages to users who enter the URL in a web browser. Every computer on the Internet that contains a web site must have a web server program.

Answer 123

Cascading style sheets (CSS) collect and organize all of the formatting information applied to HTML elements on a Web form. Because they keep this information in a single location, style sheets make it easy to adjust the appearance of Web applications.

Answer 124

System.object

Answer 125

system.Web.UI

Answer 126

■Web.config is used connect database from front end to back end. ■Web.config is used to maintain the Appsettimgs instead of static variables.

Answer 127

Global Assembly Cache (GAC) is a common place to share the .NET assemblies across many applications. GAC caches all strong named assembly references within it. All System assemblies that come with the .NET framework reside in the GAC.`

Answer 128

The Hashtable object contains items in key/value pairs. The keys are used as indexes, and very quick searches can be made for values by searching through their keys.

Answer 129

Code Access Security - CAS is the part of the .NET security model that determines whether or not a piece of code is allowed to run, and what resources it can use when it is running.

Answer 130

Combination of existing HTML and Server Controls.

Answer 131

RangeValidator - checks whether a value falls within a given range of number, date or string.

Answer 132

System.web.UI.Page class

Answer 133

System.String is immutable. System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of having a mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed.

Answer 134

Cookie are one of several ways to store data about web site visitors during the time when web server and browser are not connected. Common use of cookies is to remember users between visits. Practically, cookie is a small text file sent by web server and saved by web browser on client machine. The“Response.Cookies” command is used to create cookies.

Answer 135

The master page is identified by a special @ Master directive that replaces the @ Page directive that is used for ordinary .aspx pages.

Answer 136

The DiffGram is one of the two XML formats that you can use to render DataSet object contents to XML. For reading database data to an XML file to be sent to a Web Service.

Answer 137

ValidationSummary - It show a summary of errors raised by each control on the page on a specific spot or in a message box.

Answer 138

By checking the IsPostBack property. If IsPostBack is True, the page has been posted back.

Answer 139

There are various types of Asp objects ``` ■Session Object ■Application Object ■Server Object ■Request Object ■Response Object ■Error Object ```

Answer 140

Remotable objects are the objects that can be marshaled across the application domains. You can marshal by value, where a deep copy of the object is created and then passed to the receiver. You can also marshal by reference, where just a reference to an existing object is passed.

Answer 141

Asp.net session supports cookie less session & it can span across multiple servers.